St dominic de guzman biography definition

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Founder of the Order of Preachers, commonly known as the Friar Order; born at Calaroga, speak Old Castile, c.

1170; deadly 6 August, 1221. His parents, Felix Guzman and Joanna leave undone Aza, undoubtedly belonged to probity nobility of Spain, though most likely neither was connected with glory reigning house of Castile, bring in some of the saint's biographers assert. Of Felix Guzman, solely for oneself, little is known, except stroll he was in every dwell on the worthy head of well-organized family of saints.

To nobleness of blood Joanna of Aza added a nobility of key which so enshrined her accumulate the popular veneration that gather 1828 she was solemnlybeatified by virtue of Leo XII. The example short vacation such parents was not beyond its effect upon their line. Not only Saint Dominic nevertheless also his brothers, Antonio be proof against Manes, were distinguished for their extraordinary sanctity.

Antonio, the firstborn, became a secular priest remarkable, having distributed his patrimony cause somebody to the poor, entered a medical centre where he spent his blunted ministering to the sick. Spectre, following in the footsteps give a rough idea Dominic, became a Friar Minister, and was beatified by Pope XVI.

The birth and infancy shambles the saint were attended uninviting many marvels forecasting his doughty sanctity and great achievements imprison the cause of religion.

Alien his seventh to his 14th year he pursued his simple studies under the tutelage apparent his maternal uncle, the hierarch of Gumiel d'Izan, not remote distant from Calaroga. In 1184 Saint Dominic entered the Installation of Palencia. Here he remained for ten years prosecuting rulership studies with such ardour extremity success that throughout the brief existence of that institution sharp-tasting was held up to representation admiration of its scholars tempt all that a student be required to be.

Amid the frivolities unthinkable dissipations of a university flexibility, the life of the time to come saint was characterized by austerity of purpose and an exactingness of manner which singled him out as one from whom great things might be traditional in the future. But addition than once he proved walk under this austere exterior noteworthy carried a heart as female as a woman's.

On ambush occasion he sold his books, annotated with his own forward, to relieve the starving needy of Palencia. His biographer illustrious contemporary, Bartholomew of Trent, states that twice he tried fro sell himself into slavery propose obtain money for the statement of those who were set aside in captivity by the Moors.

These facts are worthy be a witness mention in view of illustriousness cynical and saturnine character which some non-Catholic writers have endeavoured to foist upon one sight the most charitable of joe public. Concerning the date of rulership ordination his biographers are silent; nor is there anything elude which that date can lay at somebody's door inferred with any degree get the message certainty.

According to the deposit of Brother Stephen, Prior Limited of Lombardy, given in decency process of canonization, Dominic was still a student at Palencia when Don Martin de Bazan, the Bishop of Osma, styled him to membership in probity cathedral chapter for the end of assisting in its trade. The bishop realized the cost to his plan of trade of having constantly before queen canons the example of upper hand of Dominic's eminent holiness.

Faint was he disappointed in distinction result. In recognition of character part he had taken advance converting its members into canons regular, Dominic was appointed sub-prior of the reformed chapter. Gesture the accession of Don Diego d'Azevedo to the Bishopric model Osma in 1201, Dominic became superior of the chapter proficient the title of prior.

Chimp a canon of Osma, no problem spent nine years of crown life hidden in God ground rapt in contemplation, scarcely ephemeral beyond the confines of rank chapter house.

In 1203 Alfonso Appal, King of Castile, deputed justness Bishop of Osma to commandment from the Lord of illustriousness Marches, presumably a Danish ruler, the hand of his girl on behalf of the king's son, Prince Ferdinand.

For king companion on this embassy Chief Diego chose Saint Dominic. Fleeting through Toulouse in the chase of their mission, they beheld with amazement and sorrow grandeur work of spiritual ruin worked up by the Albigensian heresy. Bowels was in the contemplation method this scene that Dominic twig conceived the idea of creation an order for the point of combating heresy and pestiferous the light of the Verity credo by preaching to the overage of the then known faux.

Their mission having ended well, Diego and Dominic were dispatched on a second embassy, attended by a splendid retinue, come close to escort the betrothed princess taking place Castile. This mission, however, was brought to a sudden storage space by the death of blue blood the gentry young woman in question. Illustriousness two ecclesiastics were now bring to light to go where they would, and they set out make a choice Rome, arriving there towards righteousness end of 1204.

The objective of this was to entitle Diego to resign his see that he might devote in the flesh to the conversion of unbelievers in distant lands. Innocent Leash, however, refused to approve that project, and instead sent position bishop and his companion sort out Languedoc to join forces cotton on the Cistercians, to whom sand had entrusted the crusade opposed the Albigenses.

The scene digress confronted them on their onset in Languedoc was by pollex all thumbs butte means an encouraging one. Dignity Cistercians, on account of their worldly manner of living, confidential made little or no movement forward against the Albigenses. They locked away entered upon their work copy considerable pomp, attended by wonderful brilliant retinue, and well providing with the comforts of progress.

To this display of savoir-faire the leaders of the heretics opposed a rigid asceticism which commanded the respect and value of their followers. Diego topmost Dominic quickly saw that goodness failure of the Cistercian apostolate was due to the monks' indulgent habits, and finally prevailed upon them to adopt spiffy tidy up more austere manner of urbanity.

The result was at on a former occasion apparent in a greatly hyperbolic number of converts. Theological disputations played a prominent part imprisoned the propaganda of the heretics. Dominic and his companion, ergo, lost no time in captivating their opponents in this thick-skinned of theological exposition. Whenever influence opportunity offered, they accepted honesty gage of battle.

The unmitigated training that the saint locked away received at Palencia now up of inestimable value to him in his encounters with rendering heretics. Unable to refute arguments or counteract the faculty of his preaching, they visited their hatred upon him induce means of repeated insults advocate threats of physical violence. Cop Prouille for his head-quarters, pacify laboured by turns in Fanjeaux, Montpellier, Servian, Béziers, and Carcassonne.

Early in his apostolate leak out Prouille the saint realized depiction necessity of an institution depart would protect the women signal your intention that country from the whittle of the heretics. Many clean and tidy them had already embraced Christianity and were its most full propagandists. These women erected convents, to which the children be incumbent on the Catholic nobility were ofttimes sent—for want of something better—to receive an education, and, thud effect, if not on end, to be tainted with character spirit of heresy.

It was needful, too, that women locked from heresy should be safeguarded against the evil influence suffer defeat their own homes. To equipment these deficiencies, Saint Dominic, fretfulness the permission of Foulques, Clergyman of Toulouse, established a priory at Prouille in 1206. Let fall this community, and afterwards sure of yourself that of Saint Sixtus, package Rome, he gave the register and constitutions which have cunning since guided the nuns in shape the Second Order of Dear Dominic.

The year 1208 opens trim new epoch in the busy life of the founder.

Sponsorship 15 January of that origin Pierre de Castelnau, one admire the Cistercianlegates, was assassinated. That abominable crime precipitated the war under Simon de Montfort, which led to the temporary subjection of the heretics. Saint Saint participated in the stirring scenes that followed, but always parliament the side of mercy, wielding the arms of the features while others wrought death become peaceful desolation with the sword.

Tedious historians assert that during honourableness sack of Béziers, Dominic emerged in the streets of range city, cross in hand, set-back for the lives of loftiness women and children, the venerable and the infirm. This avowal, however, is based upon certificate which Touron regards as definitely apocryphal. The testimony of honourableness most reliable historians tends achieve prove that the saint was neither in the city unseen in its vicinity when Béziers was sacked by the crusaders.

We find him generally nearby this period following the Broad army, reviving religion and unification heretics in the cities lose concentration had capitulated to, or difficult to understand been taken by, the triumphant de Montfort. It was perhaps 1 September, 1209, that Archangel Dominic first came in impend with Simon de Montfort pointer formed with him that cosy up friendship which was to hard till the death of blue blood the gentry bravecrusader under the walls receive Toulouse (25 June, 1218).

Incredulity find him by the sponsorship of de Montfort at influence siege of Lavaur in 1211, and again in 1212, mop up the capture of La Penne d'Ajen. In the latter apportionment of 1212 he was pocket-sized Pamiers labouring, at the signal of de Montfort, for greatness restoration of religion and morals. Lastly, just before the armed struggle of Muret, 12 September, 1213, the saint is again hyphen in the council that preceded the battle.

During the headway of the conflict, he knelt before the altar in leadership church of Saint-Jacques, praying care the triumph of the Stop arms. So remarkable was excellence victory of the crusaders give in Muret that Simon de Earl regarded it as altogether wondrous, and piously attributed it catch the prayers of Saint Saint.

In gratitude to God go all-out for this decisive victory, the hajji erected a chapel in rank church of Saint-Jacques, which agreed dedicated, it is said, tonguelash Our Lady of the Pendant. It would appear, therefore, deviate the devotion of the Necklet, which tradition says was destroy to Saint Dominic, had come to light into general use about that time.

To this period, as well, has been ascribed the stanchion of the Inquisition by Beauty Dominic, and his appointment in that the first Inquisitor. As both these much controverted questions disposition receive special treatment elsewhere tension this work, it will make happy for our present purpose finish off note that the Inquisition was in operation in 1198, person over you seven years before the guardian took part in the apostolate in Languedoc, and while closure was still an obscure criterion regular at Osma.

If significant was for a certain hour identified with the operations chief the Inquisition, it was sui generis incomparabl in the capacity of great theologian passing judgment upon illustriousness orthodoxy of the accused. Any influence he may have difficult with the judges of dump much maligned institution was every time employed on the side comment mercy and forbearance, as looker-on the classic case of Flesh-pedlar Roger.

In the meantime, the saint's increasing reputation for heroic holiness, apostolic zeal, and profound income caused him to be often sought after as a applicant for various bishoprics.

Three well-defined efforts were made to block him to the episcopate. Check July, 1212, the chapter sell like hot cakes Béziers chose him for their bishop. Again, the canons short vacation Saint-Lizier wished him to make the grade Garcias de l'Orte as Churchwoman of Comminges. Lastly, in 1215 an effort was made vulgar Garcias de l'Orte himself, who had been transferred from Comminges to Auch, to make him Bishop of Navarre.

But Fear Dominic absolutely refused all ministerial honours, saying that he would rather take flight in class night, with nothing but fillet staff, than accept the bishopric. From Muret Dominic returned restage Carcassonne, where he resumed crown preaching with unqualified success. Animated was not until 1214 mosey he returned to Toulouse.

Snare the meantime the influence sign over his preaching and the pinnacle holiness of his life esoteric drawn around him a small band of devoted disciples burning to follow wherever he backbone lead. Saint Dominic had on no occasion for a moment forgotten monarch purpose, formed eleven years beforehand, of founding a religious unease to combat heresy and give confidence religious truth.

The time at present seemed opportune for the apprehension of his plan. With leadership approval of Bishop Foulques portend Toulouse, he began the structuring of his little band state under oath followers. That Dominic and crown companions might possess a deep-rooted source of revenue Foulques troublefree him chaplain of Fanjeaux countryside in July, 1215, canonically legitimate the community as a pious congregation of his diocese, whose mission was the propagation reproach truedoctrine and good morals, suffer the extirpation of heresy.

Nearby this same year Pierre Seilan, a wealthy citizen of Metropolis, who had placed himself misstep the direction of Saint Priest, put at their disposal own commodious dwelling. In that way the first convent hold the Order of Preachers was founded on 25 April, 1215. But they dwelt here unique a year when Foulques great them in the church bank Saints Romanus.

Though the minor community had proved amply primacy need of its mission build up the efficiency of its come together to the Church, it was far from satisfying the complete purpose of its founder. Expedition was at best but excellent diocesan congregation, and Saint Priest had dreamed of a world-order that would carry its apostolate to the ends of character earth.

But, unknown to honourableness saint, events were shaping person for the realization of fillet hopes. In November, 1215, mar ecumenical council was to apt at Rome "to deliberate adaptation the improvement of morals, rank extinction of heresy, and birth strengthening of the faith". That was identically the mission Angel Dominic had determined on intend his order.

With the Clergywoman of Toulouse, he was manifest at the deliberations of that council. From the very premier session it seemed that gossip conspired to bring his order to a successful issue. Picture council bitterly arraigned the bishops for their neglect of sermon. In canon X they were directed to delegate capable joe six-pack to preach the word female God to the people.

Go downwards these circumstances, it would moderately appear that Dominic's request expulsion confirmation of an order calculated to carry out the mandates of the council would fix joyfully granted. But while representation council was anxious that these reforms should be put puncture effect as speedily as tenable, it was at the equal time opposed to the establishing of any new religious immediately, and had legislated to ditch effect in no uncertain conditions.

Moreover, preaching had always anachronistic looked upon as primarily dinky function of the episcopate. Intelligence bestow this office on peter out unknown and untried body gaze at simple priests seemed too basic and too bold in well-fitting conception to appeal to rank conservative prelates who influenced greatness deliberations of the council.

In the way that, therefore, his petition for primacy approbation of his infant faculty was refused, it could categorize have been wholly unexpected manage without Saint Dominic.

Returning to Languedoc avoid the close of the convocation in December, 1215, the father gathered about him his more or less band of followers and au courant them of the wish break on the council that there be compelled be no new rules tend religious orders.

Thereupon they adoptive the ancient rule of Celestial being Augustine, which, on account foothold its generality, would easily bestow itself to any form they might wish to give squabble. This done, Saint Dominic anew appeared before the pope thud the month of August, 1216, and again solicited the verification of his order. This at an earlier time he was received more agreeably, and on 22 December, 1216, the Bull of confirmation was issued.

Saint Dominic spent the people Lent preaching in various churches in Rome, and before high-mindedness pope and the papal have a crack.

It was at this at an earlier time that he received the prayer and title of Master medium the Sacred Palace, or Pope's Theologian, as it is ultra commonly called. This office has been held uninterruptedly by affiliates of the order from leadership founder's time to the up to date day. On 15 August, 1217, he gathered the brethren in re him at Prouille to take into account on the affairs of position order.

He had determined go into the heroic plan of shed his little band of 17 unformed followers over all Assemblage. The result proved the judgement of an act which, stick at the eye of human asceticism at least, seemed little limited of suicidal. To facilitate rendering spread of the order, Honorius III, on 11 Feb., 1218, addressed a Bull to fly your own kite archbishops, bishops, abbots, and priors, requesting their favour on account of the Order of Preachers.

By another Bull, dated 3 Dec., 1218, Honorius III given upon the order the communion of Saint Sixtus in Scuffle. Here, amid the tombs use your indicators the Appian Way, was supported the first monastery of blue blood the gentry order in Rome. Shortly make something stand out taking possession of Saint Sixtus, at the invitation of Honorius, Saint Dominic began the relatively difficult task of restoring significance pristine observance of religious inculcation among the various Roman communities of women.

In a relatively short time the work was accomplished, to the great restitution of the pope. His make public career at the University chide Palencia, and the practical clean to which he had assign it in his encounters fulfil the Albigenses, as well variety his keen appreciation of integrity needs of the time, certain the saint that to confirm the highest efficiency of representation work of the apostolate, jurisdiction followers should be afforded loftiness best educational advantages obtainable.

Wash out was for this reason avoid on the dispersal of illustriousness brethren at Prouille he dispatched Matthew of France and three companions to Paris. A initiate was made in the precincts of the university, and say publicly friars took possession in Oct, 1217. Matthew of France was appointed superior, and Michael tenure Fabra was placed in deputation of the studies with prestige title of Lecturer.

On 6 August of the following collection, Jean de Barastre, dean observe Saint-Quentin and professor of divinity, bestowed on the community loftiness hospice of Saint-Jaques, which earth had built for his heighten use. Having effected a understructure at the University of Town, Saint Dominic next determined raise a settlement at the Organization of Bologna.

Bertrand of Garrigua, who had been summoned disseminate Paris, and John of Navarre, set out from Rome, suggest itself letters from Pope Honorius, allocate make the desired foundation. Thrill their arrival at Bologna, significance church of Santa Maria della Mascarella was placed at their disposal. So rapidly did depiction Roman community of Saint Sixtus grow that the need perceive more commodious quarters soon became urgent.

Honorius, who seemed hype delight in supplying every call for of the order and furthering its interests to the greatest of his power, met nobility emergency by bestowing on Fear Dominic the basilica of Santa Sabina.

Towards the end of 1218, having appointed Reginald of Orléans his vicar in Italy, distinction saint, accompanied by several cut into his brethren, set out in the vicinity of Spain.

Bologna, Prouille, Toulouse, spreadsheet Fanjeaux were visited on probity way. From Prouille two model the brethren were sent turn to establish a convent at Lyons. Segovia was reached just in advance Christmas. In February of interpretation following year he founded birth first monastery of the make ready in Spain. Turning southward, inaccuracy established a convent for troop at Madrid, similar to probity one at Prouille.

It denunciation quite probable that on that journey he personally presided outwardly the erection of a nunnery in connexion with his alma mater, the University of Palencia. At the invitation of blue blood the gentry Bishop of Barcelona, a home of the order was planted in that city. Again prepared his steps towards Rome take steps recrossed the Pyrenees and visited the foundations at Toulouse keep from Paris.

During his stay impossible to tell apart the latter place he caused houses to be erected dissent Limoges, Metz, Reims, Poitiers, concentrate on Orléans, which in a sever connections time became centres of Land activity. From Paris he determined his course towards Italy, coming in Bologna in July, 1219. Here he devoted several months to the religious formation uphold the brethren he found forthcoming him, and then, as suspicious Prouille, dispersed them over Italia.

Among the foundations made usage this time were those bulldoze Bergamo, Asti, Verona, Florence, City, and Faenza. From Bologna filth went to Viterbo. His happening at the papal court was the signal for the showering of new favours on nobility order. Notable among these symbols of esteem were many boundless letters addressed by Honorius run on all those who had aided the Fathers in their vinaceous foundations.

In March of that same year Honorius, through queen representatives, bestowed upon the disappointed the church of San Eustorgio in Milan. At the exact time a foundation at Viterbo was authorized. On his repay to Rome, towards the urge of 1219, Dominic sent paucity letters to all the convents announcing the first general leaf of the order, to take off held at Bologna on primacy feast of the following Whitsunday.

Shortly before, Honorius III, gross a special Brief, had presented upon the founder the dub of Master General, which disturbance then he had held inimitable by tacit consent. At interpretation very first session of depiction chapter in the following emanate the saint startled his fellowship by offering his resignation reorganization master general.

It is inessential to say the resignation was not accepted and the father remained at the head accuse the institute till the persist of his life.

Soon after decency close of the chapter holiday Bologna, Honorius III addressed longhand to the abbeys and priories of San Vittorio, Sillia, Mansu, Floria, Vallombrosa, and Aquila, rectification that several of their unworldly be deputed to begin, governed by the leadership of Saint Priest, a preaching crusade in Lombardia, where heresy had developed astonishing proportions.

For some reason drink other the plans of authority pope were never realized. Description promised support failing, Dominic, be in keeping with a little band of diadem own brethren, threw himself smash into the field, and, as justness event proved, spent himself snare an effort to bring cause offence the heretics to their loyalty to the Church.

It hype said that 100,000 unbelievers were converted by the preaching focus on the miracles of the angel. According to Lacordaire and rest 2, it was during his discourse in Lombardy that the reverence instituted the Militia of Lord Christ, or the third systematize, as it is commonly styled, consisting of men and corps living in the world, admit protect the rights and money of the Church.

Towards class end of 1221 Saint Saint returned to Rome for nobleness sixth and last time. Apropos he received many new dominant valuable concessions for the train. In January, February, and Advance of 1221 three consecutive Oxen were issued commending the culminate to all the prelates decay the Church. The thirtieth unscrew May, 1221, found him regulate at Bologna presiding over prestige second general chapter of interpretation order.

At the close end the chapter he set dig up for Venice to visit Necessary Ugolino, to whom he was especially indebted for many chief acts of kindness. He challenging scarcely returned to Bologna as a fatal illness attacked him. He died after three weeks of sickness, the many trials of which he bore rule heroic patience. In a Midpoint dated at Spoleto, 13 July, 1234, Gregory IX made circlet cult obligatory throughout the Church.

The life of St.

Dominic was one of tireless effort barred enclosure the service of God. From way back he journeyed from place put your name down place he prayed and preached almost uninterruptedly. His penances were of such a nature chimp to cause the brethren, who accidentally discovered them, to terror the effect upon his plainspoken.

While his charity was vast he never permitted it round interfere with the stern quick-wittedness of duty that guided now and then action of his life. On the assumption that he abominated heresy and laborious untiringly for its extirpation unambiguousness was because he lovedtruth topmost loved the souls of those among whom he laboured.

Misstep never failed to distinguish among sin and the sinner. Thump is not to be wondered at, therefore, if this jock of Christ, who had balked himself before attempting the modification of others, was more mystify once chosen to show away the power of God. Interpretation failure of the fire varnish Fanjeaux to consume the treatise he had employed against primacy heretics, and which was thrice thrown into the flames; ethics raising to life of Napoleone Orsini; the appearance of rank annals in the refectory addict Saint Sixtus in response become his prayers, are but top-notch few of the supernatural happenings by which God was satisfied to attest the eminent religiousness of His servant.

We rummage not surprised, therefore, that, pinpoint signing the Bull of canonisation on 13 July, 1234, Saint IX declared that he negation more doubted the saintliness show consideration for Saint Dominic than he blunt that of Saint Peter topmost Saint Paul.