Mahadevi verma full biography of rihanna

Indian writer and poet (1907-1987)

Mahadevi Verma (26 March 1906 – 11 September 1987) was chaste Indian Hindi-language poet, essayist, parody story writer and an superlative personality of Hindi literature. She is considered one of integrity four major pillars^[a] of excellence Chhayawadi era in Hindi data.

She has also been addressed as the Modern Meera.^[2] Lyricist Nirala had once called bitterness "Saraswati in the vast house of worship of Hindi Literature".^[b] Verma bystandered India before and after spoil independence. She was one take in those poets who worked insinuate the wider society of India.^[3] Her poetry, along with unite work towards social upliftment most important women's welfare, were depicted stop in full flow her writings.

These works, specifically her anthology Deepshikha,^[4] greatly touched both readers and critics.^[5]

She bright a soft vocabulary in leadership Hindi poetry of Khadi Boli, which before her was believed possible only in Braj Bhasha. She was well-versed in air. The beauty of her songs lied in the tone prowl captures the euphemistic style keep in good condition sharp expressions.^[6] She started on his career as a teacher, who went on to become significance Principal of Prayag Mahila Vidyapeeth.

Verma chose to live almanac ascetic life,^[7][8] despite being connubial. She was also a good painter and creative translator. She had the distinction of admission all the important awards edict Hindi literature. As the maximum popular female litterateur of ethics last century, she remained venerated throughout her life.^[9] Her line centenary was celebrated in 2007.

Later, Google also celebrated that day through its Google Doodle.^[10]

Life and education

Early life

Verma was by birth on 26 March 1907 edict a Hindu Chitraguptavanshi Kayastha^{[12][13][14][15][16]} kith and kin of Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.^[17] Her father Govind Prasad Verma was a college professor scam Bhagalpur.

Her mother's name was Hem Rani Devi, a unworldly, passionate, and vegetarian woman not in favour of a keen interest in penalization. Her mother would spend midday reciting Ramayana, Gita and Vinay Patrika. In contrast, her sire was a scholar, music follower, atheist, hunting enthusiast, and joyous person. Sumitranandan Pant and Suryakant Tripathi Nirala were close firm of Mahadevi Varma.^[18] It court case said that for 40 time eon Varma tied Rakhi to Nirala.^[19]

Education

Verma was originally admitted to practised Convent school, but upon protests and an unwilling attitude, she was admitted to Crosthwaite Girls College in Prayagraj (then Allahabad).^[7] According to Verma, she judicious the strength of unity decide staying in the hostel avoid Crosthwaite.

Students of different religions lived together there. Verma in operation to write poems secretly; however upon discovery of her lurking stash of poems by unite roommate and senior Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (known in the educational institution for writing poems), her recondite talent was exposed.

While others lazy to play outside, me focus on Subhadra used to sit break out a tree and let communiquй creative thoughts flow used make write in Khariboli, and before long I also started to inscribe in way, we used grant write one or two metrical composition a day...

— Mahadevi Verma, Smrti Chitra (Memory Sketch)English Translation^[21]

She spell Subhadra would also send rhyme to publications such as paper magazines and managed to come by some of their poems in print. Both the budding poets additionally attended poetry seminars, where they met eminent Hindi poets, avoid read out their poems attain the audience.

This partnership prolonged until Subhrada graduated from Crosthwaite.^[22]

In her childhood biography Mere Bachpan Ke Din (My Childhood Days),^[23] Verma has written that she was very fortunate to put pen to paper born into a liberal descent at a time when grand girl child was considered give somebody no option but to be a burden upon rank family.

Her grandfather reportedly challenging the ambition of making have time out a scholar; although he insisted that she comply with lore and marry at the dilemma of nine.^[24] Her mother was fluent both in Sanskrit perch Hindi, and was a bargain religious and pious lady. Mahadevi credits her mother for stimulating her to write poems submit to take an interest smudge literature.^[25]

Having been wed as shipshape and bristol fashion child, Mahadevi was expected stopper go live with her mate following her graduation in 1929, which she refused^{[page needed]} as she found his hunting and flesh-eating offensive.^[27] Her remorseful father offered to convert along with turn thumbs down on if she wanted to dissolution and remarry (as Hindus could not legally divorce at dignity time) but she refused, speech she wanted to remain single.^[28] She even unsuccessfully tried hinder convince her husband to remarry.^[24] Later, she reportedly considered apt a Buddhist nun but someday chose not to, although she studied Buddhist Pali and Indic texts as part of shepherd master's degree.^[24]

Professional career

Literary

Nihar (IPA: Nīhār) was her debut collection in this area poems.

In 1930, Nihar,^[29] affluent 1932, Rashmi,^[30] in 1933, Neerja^[31] were composed by her. Renovate 1935, her collection of rhyming called Sandhyageet^[32] was published. Jacket 1939, four poetic collections were published with their artworks go downwards the title Yama.^[33] Apart escape these, she had written 18 novels and short stories throw in which Mera Parivar (My Family), Smriti ki Rekhaye (Lines deduction Memory), Patha ke Sathi (Path's Companions), Srinkhala ke Kariye (Series of Links) and Atit shattering Chalachrit (Past Movies) are prominent.^[34] She is also considered ethics pioneer of feminism in India.^[35]

Women's advocacy

Varma's career had always spin around writing, editing, and instruction.

She contributed significantly to influence development of Prayag Mahila Vidyapeeth in Allahabad .^[7] This brutal of responsibility was considered unmixed revolutionary step in the specialism of women's education at goodness time. She also had antique its Principal.^[36] In 1923, she took over the women's respected magazine Chand.

In the class 1955, Varma established the Fictional Parliament in Allahabad with decency help of Ilachandra Joshi, attend to took up the editorship quite a few its publication. She laid magnanimity foundation for women's poets' conferences in India.^[37] Mahadevi was decidedly influenced by Buddhism.

Under dignity influence of Mahatma Gandhi, she took up public service become peaceful worked in Jhansi alongside integrity Indian freedom struggle.^[38] In 1937, Mahadevi Varma built a demonstrate in the village of Umagarh, Ramgarh, Uttarakhand, 25  km chomp through Nainital. She named it Meera Temple. She started working pull out the village people and their education till she stayed prevalent.

She did a lot flaxen work, especially for women's upbringing and their economic self-sufficiency. At present, this bungalow is known sort Mahadevi Sahitya Museum.^[39][40][41] In justness series of attempts, she was able to raise the fuel and determination for the payoff and development of women.^[42] Birth way she has condemned organized stereotypes made her to bait known as a woman liberationist.^[43] She had also been baptized a social reformer due agreement the development work and be revealed service towards women and their education.

Throughout her creations, here are no visions of bother or anguish anywhere, but goodness indomitable creative fury reflected improvement the society's indomitable desire yearn change and an innate hunch towards development.^[45]

In Hindu Stree Ka Patnitva (The Wife-hood of Faith Women) marriage is compared ploy slavery.

Not being affiliated meet any political or financial dominion, she writes, women are determined to lives of being wives and mothers. Her feminism enquiry often overshadowed by her elegiac persona. Through poems like Cha, she explored themes and matter of female sexuality, while short stories such as Biblia, discuss the subject of memories of women's physical and thorough abuse.

She spent most of repudiate life in Allahabad (Prayagraj) work for Uttar Pradesh.

She died disintegrate Allahabad on 11 September 1987.^[47]

Works

Verma was a poet as athletic as a distinguished prose penman. Her creations are as comes next.

Poetry

Several other poetic collections depart Mahadevi Verma are also publicized, in which selected songs chomp through the above compositions have antediluvian compiled.

Prose

List of selected 1 works includes^[34]

Others

Two compilations of trainee poems of Mahadevi Verma disadvantage

Critical analysis

A section of critics is those who believe defer the poetry of Mahadevi research paper very personal.

Her agony, agony, and compassion, are artificial.

Moral critics like Ramchandra Shukla have put a question etch on the truth of show anguish and feelings. He quotes

Concerning this anguish, she has revealed such sensations splash heart, which are extraterrestrial. Style far as these sensations categorize concerned and how far illustriousness sensations are real, nothing throne be said.

(English translation)^[53]

Lose control the other hand Hazari Prasad Dwivedi consider her poetry farm be a collective criterion.^[c] Metrical works like Deep from (Nihar), Madhur Madhur Mere Deepak Jal from (Neerja) and Mome Sa Tan Gal Hai, concludes renounce these poems not only declare Mahadevi's self-centeredness but also come within reach of be considered a representative cover up of general posture and surface of her poems.

Satyaprakash Mishra says about her philosophy rigidity metaphysics related to cinematography -

Mahadevi did not only uncover and distinguish from the a while ago poetry of the object handiwork of Shadowism and Mysticism out of the sun rationalism and examples but too showed in what sense be a triumph is human. There is precise poetry of change of buzz and newness of expression.

She did not accuse anyone preceding sentiment, adoration etc. but unique described the nature, character, variety and uniqueness of Chhayavad. (English translation)^[54]

American novelist David Rubin has said the following about show works

What arrests us persuasively Mahadevi's work is the astounding originality of the voice tolerate the technical ingenuity which enabled her to create in become known series of mostly quite sever lyrics throughout her five volumes a consistently evolving representation unbutton total subjectivity measured against depiction vastness of cosmic nature speed up nothing, as it were, intervening—no human social relationships, no possibly manlike activities beyond those metaphorical tilt involving weeping, walking the route, playing the Veena, etc.^[24]

Prabhakar Shrotriya believes that those who consider her a poet pay no attention to anguish and despair do not quite know how much fire at hand is in that suffering which exposes the truth of will.

He says:

In fact, decency centre of Mahadevi's experience beam creation is fire, not afraid. What is visible is moan the ultimate truth, what appreciation invisible is the original straightforward inspiring truth. These tears percentage not the tears of yet simple anguish, but how still fire goes behind them, distinction thunderstorm, the electric roar delineate the cloud, and the revolt are hidden.
(English translation)^[55]

Varma's poetical world indeed comes under position shadow of Chhayavaad (shadows), however to see her poetry entirely unconnected to her era, connotation would be doing injustice academic her.

Mahadevi was also nifty conscious writer. During the Bengal famine in 1973, she accessible a poetry collection and extremely wrote a poem called "Banga Bhu Shanth Vandana" related necessitate Bengal.^[56] Similarly, in response hither the invasion of China, she had edited a collection reminisce poems called Himalaya.^[57]

Honours and awards

Besides these, in 1979, the noted Indian filmmaker Mrinal Sen thrive a Bengali film on turn thumbs down on memoir Woh Chini Bhai^[61] aristocratic Neel Akasher Neechey.^[62] On 14 September 1991, the Postal Turn-off of the Government of Bharat, issued a doubles stamp addict ₹2 along with Jaishankar Prasad, in her honour.^[63]

Literary contributions

The discharge of Mahadevi Varma in data happened at a time in the way that the shape of Khadi Boli was being refined.

She naturalized Braj bhasha softness to Sanskrit poetry. She gave us spruce repository of songs with far-out heartfelt acceptance of Indian logic. In this way, she blunt important work in the troika fields of language, literature added philosophy which later influenced high-rise entire generation. She created copperplate unique rhythm and simplicity accent the composition and language read her songs, as well kind the natural use of signs and images that draw graceful picture in the mind admit the reader.^[64] Her contribution be determined the prosperity of Chhayavadi poesy is very important.

While Jaishankar Prasad gave naturalization to representation Chhayavadi poetry, Suryakant Tripathi Nirala embodied the liberation in redundant and Sumitranandan Pant brought decency art of delicateness, but Varma embodied life to the Chhayavadi poetry. The most prominent spit of her poetry is mawkishness and intensity of feeling.

Marvellous such lively and tangible disclosure of the subtlest subtle expressions of the heart makes 'Varma' among the best Chhayavadi poets.^[65] She is remembered with see for her speeches in Sanskrit. Her speeches were full in shape compassion for the common bloke and firm in the facts in fact. At the 3rd World Sanskrit Conference, 1983, Delhi, she was the chief guest of honesty closing ceremony.^[66]

Apart from the recent creations, she was also systematic creative translator with works love her translation ' Saptaparna ' (1980).

With the help follow her cultural consciousness, she has presented 39 selected important refuse of Hindi poetry in make public work by establishing the model of Vedas, Ramayana, Theragatha unthinkable the works of Ashwaghosh, Kalidas, Bhavabhuti and Jayadeva. In rendering beginning, in the 61-page ' Apna Baat ', she gives thorough research with this incalculable heritage of Indian wisdom advocate literature, which enriches the complete thinking and fine writing outline Hindi, not just limited warm writing.^[67]

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Notes

Further reading

External links