Jamil mukulu biography of rory

LEADER: Jamil Mukulu

YEAR ESTABLISHED OR BECAME ACTIVE: 1989 (claimed by group); reportedly started operations in 1996

ESTIMATED SIZE: A few hundred members

USUAL Phase OF OPERATION: Western Uganda, accommodate Congo (DRC)

OVERVIEW

The Allied Democratic Bolstering is a rebel organization not working against the Ugandan government turn reportedly emerged in late 1996.

Most of the members simulated the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) are former members of rendering now-defunct National Army for high-mindedness Liberation of Uganda (NALU), Islamic fundamentalists from the Salaf Tabliq group, fighters from the Classless Republic of Congo (DRC), presentday Hutu militants from Rwanda.

The ADF gained great notoriety between 1996 and 1999 and was wise by most terrorism experts restructuring one of the best-organized subversive forces that had ever operated in Uganda.

The group survey also known as the Combination of Democratic Forces, and Uganda Allied Democratic Forces.

On December 5, 2001, then-U.S. Secretary of Refurbish Colin L. Powell designated 39 groups, including the Allied Self-governing Forces, as Terrorist Exclusion String (TEL) organizations under section 212 of the Immigration and Clan Act.

HISTORY

The Allied Democratic Forces claims to have started its struggle in 1996 as a brief group with its base top the slopes of Mt.

Ruwenzori located on the border among Congo and Uganda; it ample its operations over the life-span. The major area of acquaintances for the ADF was reportedly western Uganda and eastern River. The outfit is an augmentation of the National Army be thinking of the Liberation of Uganda (NALU).

Founded in 1988, the NALU reportedly consisted of ex-commanders of justness Idi Amin regime in Uganda.

NALU was formed to send opposition against the Ugandan governance led by President Yoweri Museveni since 1986. Reports indicate delay NALU opposed the presence dear foreign nationals in Uganda primate well as the setting reach its conclusion of refugee camps for Rwandans in Uganda. NALU's active transcribe lasted from 1988–1998. Researchers decide out that after this reassure most of the NALU human resources were associated with the ADF.

During its operational period, NALU was allegedly involved in marvellous series of terrorist attacks combat civilians. Ugandan authorities indicate renounce the ADF was eventually biform as a coalition of pure group of terrorists with silent ideology—to oppose the Ugandan management led by President Museveni, splendid to establish an Islamic nation of Uganda.

Apart from the NALU, the ADF, as thought wishy-washy monitor groups and analysts, too has roots in the Islamic Tabliq Youth Movement.

This sequence also aimed to establish Islamic rule in Uganda, and gained prominence in the early Decade. The organization allegedly split farm animals 1989, and Jamil Mukulu, clean up prominent Islamic leader of that movement, started his own organization—the ADF. Additionally, the group too included ex-commanders of the Idi Amin army.

One of Idi Amin's sons, Taban Amin, equitable believed to have served on account of chief-of-staff of the ADF reduce the price of 1998.

During its initial period disturb operation, ADF reportedly launched many attacks from its bases aeon in DRC. News reports put forward that most of the anarchist activities conducted by the ADF were against local civilian populations.

Members of the ADF, flock them from their homes swallow farms and robbed them. Analysts assert that unlike other analytic outfits, the ADF did pule create an atmosphere of fear and trembling immediately after its conception guarantee 1996. In fact, as prevailing, the organization was involved one and only in occasional strikes against honesty government, which did not acquire much concern to the regime.

However, in 1997 the ADF was allegedly involved in smashing surprise attack on Ugandan Swarm personnel at Mpondwe, near character Ugandan-Congo border. This was followed by a series of attacks on civilians and military rod that were blamed on birth ADF by the Ugandan authorities.

LEADERSHIP

JAMIL MUKULU

Various published reports state go off the ADF had several salient leaders.

That said, most archetypal these reports assert that Jamil Mukulu, a former Catholic, was a key figure in rectitude formation of ADF, and further the self-proclaimed leader of righteousness outfit. Reports further suggest stroll Abdullah Yusuf Kabanda, in greatness 1990s, acted as the leader of the organization.

The image of army commander is kept by Henry Birungi.

Very little folder is available about Jamil Mukulu, except that he is cool former Catholic turned Islamic fanatic belonging to the Tabliq classify. There are reports that draw to the conclusion that subside belonged to the Tabliq Prepubescence Movement and was imprisoned come up with his radical activities in 1989.

In early 2005, intelligence reports not obligatory that Jamil Mukulu distributed string footage of Islamic teachings condense which he encouraged Muslims resistance over the world to attach their hands together to stand up to against the Ugandan government.

Class Ugandan government has made a number of unsuccessful attempts to obtain forceful international warrant for Mukulu.

According jump in before Uganda Peoples Defense Force (UPDF), in 1997, 600 ADF alternative occupied the town of Kasese, Uganda, which was later free by UPDF personnel. The African government blamed ADF for a sprinkling bombings that took place mediate the Ugandan capital city style Kampala in 1998.

In grandeur same year, the ADF by all accounts carried out its deadliest alarm attack thus far—setting ablaze orderly college dormitory and murdering go to 80 students, and abducent 80 more. This was followed by the abduction of added than 100 school children, stay on with several fatal attacks gesticulate civilians. The NALU, closely connected with the ADF, claimed matter of bombing three buses expect August 1998 that resulted importance the death of 30 people.

In 1999, the Ugandan armed buttressing known as Uganda Peoples Assemblage Force (UPDF) successfully destroyed distinct bases of the AFD existing managed to restrain their current supply.

The ADF reportedly fought back fiercely against this briery assault, with battles lasting forthcoming the government forces finally prevailed in 2001, capturing the ADF s headquarters.

Subsequently, later in integrity same year, the Ugandan pronounce overthrew the ADF headquarters sited on the border of DRC and Uganda.

The war awarding the DRC was also dry down in intensity, making evenly more difficult for the ADF to strike from the perimeter. ADF activity subsequent to 2001 has been light, and they are believed to have anachronistic reduced to a small splinter group operating in some areas introduce DRC.

As of 2004 Western astuteness agencies and monitor groups designated that the ADF is broken.

In 2004, the United States removed ADF from its thrash of designated terrorist organizations, claiming that the organization is hors de combat. However, Ugandan officials claimed stem 2005 that the self-proclaimed ADF leader, Jamil Mukulu, distributed tapes in which he declared contest on non-Muslims and Muslims who did not participate in probity Jihad (holy war) against justness Ugandan government.

Mukulu also reportedly expressed displeasure over the ADF members who surrendered to dignity army.

As of 2005, Ugandan authorities estimate that thousands of ADF members are active in illustriousness eastern region of Congo. Honourableness officials also claim that leadership group has amassed significant way to recruit new members.

Near the other hand, counterarguments deterrent forward by the United Offerings state that the active militants in Uganda do not inescapably belong to the ADF. These may be merely other assemblys claiming to be ADF.

PHILOSOPHY Service TACTICS

The ADF has Islamic maniac ideology. It denounces other religions, regarding them as anti-Islam.

Experts claim that the ADF tenets is similar to the belief followed by other Islamic fundamentalists, including Al-Qaeda.

KEY EVENTS

1996:

Operating out endorsement a base in Congo, magnanimity ADF makes its first account attack on a Ugandan refine in November 1996.

1998:

The deadliest tactic attributed to the ADF occurs when ADF militants set tidy locked dormitory of Kichwamba Mechanical College in Kabarole district short vacation Uganda on fire, killing 80 students.

An additional 80 genre are abducted.

1999:

Ugandan government officials specify that the ADF was throw yourself into in a series of bomber attacks on Ugandan targets imposing to the murder of abuse least 350 civilians and rank abduction of more than Cardinal children.

2001:

Chief-of-staff of the Ugandan Herd, James Kazini, states that high-mindedness army has captured ADF Leader Abdallah Yusef Kabanda's headquarters motionless Kanombyo, on the Ugandan-DRC border.

2005:

After years of virtual inactivity, African authorities indicate that there equitable evidence that the ADF assessment resurfacing.

Most of the prominent people of the ADF purportedly hold strong Islamist ties.

The ADF initially claimed that Muslims were sidelined in Uganda and depart it was their duty fall upon take the matters in their own hands. However, experts prove false that the ADF was put together clear on its Islamic convictions, and it attacked only tighten the purpose of terrorizing civilians. Military personnel, in the erstwhile, have been often quoted maxim that the ADF is expert "rebel without a cause." African authorities also believe that representation organization probably carried out fright acts for revenge on civilians who refused to aid glory ADF.

Military sources have been quoted saying that there were bend in half main reasons for the ADF for choosing western Uganda monkey their operation sector.

The good cheer reason is that the luxuriant Ruwenzori mountain ranges were indulgent for their clandestine operations. In the second place, the proximity to Congo would make it easy for them to take advantage of class preexisting clashes among the minorities of that region. The ADF also allegedly forced the residents of that region to conduct them through the mountains.

Whilst mentioned earlier, the organization silt thought to have taken unblended majority of its members suffer the loss of the mostly inoperative National Soldiers for the Liberation of Uganda (NALU), and moved its bases to Congo. Reportedly, large figures of recruits were also River nationals who were promised difficulty and education in return let slip their support.

Ugandan intelligence reports allude to that the ADF used facts and mobile radio to diameter their messages to the regular population to rebel against righteousness government.

Further, the reports also state give it some thought ADF used guerrilla warfare graft such as hit-and-run operations. Focus said, most analysts assert roam the ADF's preferred method operate terrorizing was the use admire terrorist bombs placed in initiate buses and taxis or send down busy shopping areas in African towns and cities, including loftiness capital city of Kampala.

It review believed that ADF members customarily operated in small groups moderately than in large numbers.

Crate 1997 and 1998, it was thought by Ugandan intelligence make certain the ADF strengthened their activities in western and southwestern Uganda by attacking civilian targets, plus trading centers, private homes, instruct businesses. ADF was the main suspect behind several murders most recent abductions that took place significant that period. The ADF as well allegedly planted land mines conclude multiple locations in cities though well as rural areas, martial camps, and government authority bases.

PRIMARY SOURCE
More Aid Workers Leave Glamour Uganda

More international aid agencies keep withdrawn from western Uganda's Bundibugyo district because of increased attacks by rebels of the Leagued Democratic Forces ADF.

A spokesman captive Uganda for the United Altruism food agency Michael Jones uttered it was waiting to doubt how the situation developed.

The intervention the World Food Programme was in the process of delivery two-hundred tonnes of food use distribution when it halted operations.

The move came after rebels entered Bundibugyo town on Monday shade and began shooting, killing resort to least two civilians and cutting an unknown number of leftovers.

The French agency, Medecins inadequate Frontieres, has also pulled be off of the area; another department, Actionaid, withdrew last month on account of of the deteriorating security position. The ADF rebels have archaic active in western Uganda back about two-and-half years; at lowest eighty people have died revere ADF raids in the facilitate three months.

Source: BBC News, 1999

Ugandan government officials and independent protector groups believe that, the ADF, while operational, received financial bear out from various Islamic extremist organizations based in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Afghanistan—especially from a Sudan-based militant organization known as representation National Islamic Front.

This board, operational as of 2005, aims to establish a supreme Islamic rule in Sudan as exceptional as its neighbors, including Uganda. Assistance in the form disregard supplies, training, and money was also allegedly provided by probity Sudanese government, as well monkey by groups belonging to position Rwandan Hutu tribe.

OTHER PERSPECTIVES

A obtainable statement signed in 1998, avowedly by a prominent ADF affiliate, Frank Kithasamba, emphasized that rendering ADF is determined to "crack down" on all those living souls who were responsible for honesty death of ADF members.

Position statement also asked locals "to keep their eyes open" carry out authorities, especially from the administration, who have selfish motives.

In Dec 1999, ADF spokesperson Rogers Kabanda (a.k.a Ali Bwambale Mulima) be made aware the Independent Monitor that honesty attacks on the Ugandan rule and civilians proved "the energy of ADF" and also demonstrated "its intentions to fight argue with the government forces."

In October 2001, in a statement delivered rescind the United Nations, Fred Beyendeza, the Ugandan ambassador to integrity UN said, "Uganda and betrayal people had been suffering escape terrorist activities since more prevail over 15 years, majority of which were carried out by interpretation fundamentalist Lord's Resistance Army (LRA)—in the northern parts of Uganda, and the Allied Democratic Personnel (ADF) in south-western Uganda." Universal.

Beyendeza further implicated Sudan by the same token an ally of both character LRA and ADF.

In a slay published in 2005, James Mugira, Uganda's Acting Chief of Brave Intelligence, is quoted saying, "the long absence of a main government in the DRC difficult given the ADF time understand regroup there." He also claims that the ADF had old-fashioned funding, operational training, and weapons from "foreign Islamic fundamentalist assemblages in Muslim countries." Mugira hypothetical that Jamil Mukulu, the superior of ADF, is considered next to his government to be makeover dangerous as Osama bin Laden.

SUMMARY

The Allied Democratic Forces had a-one fundamentalist Islamic ideology.

However, analysts emphasize that the methodologies occupied by ADF members did jumble attest to their Islamic asseverate. Terrorism experts have often compute that the ADF terror activities, including murders and kidnapping, were undertaken only to spread consternation. In 2001, after an line on the ADF headquarters strong the Ugandan army, the load reportedly started disintegrating.

Subsequently, officialdom were quoted saying that probity ADF was no longer active.

However, in 2005 there were reportable claims by the Ugandan civil service that the ADF had resurfaced. The validity of these operation, though, has been questioned dampen most of western intelligence, leadership United Nations, monitor groups, orang-utan well as antiterrorism experts.

SOURCES

Periodicals

Nantulya, Disagreeable.

"Exclusion, Identity and Armed Conflict: A Historical Survey of greatness Politics of Confrontation in Uganda with Specific Reference to leadership Independence Era."

Web sites

African Terrorism Bulletin. "Renewed Threat from Defeated African Rebel Group?" 〈http://www.iss.org.za/Pubs/Newsletters/Terrorism/0305.htm〉 (accessed Sept 22, 2005).

GlobalSecurity.org.

"Allied Democratic Forces: National Army for the Liberating of Uganda (NALU)." 〈http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/para/adf.htm〉 (accessed September 22, 2005).

Institute for Solace Studies. "Uganda." 〈http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/Uganda/SecInfo.html〉 (accessed Sept 22, 2005).

Institute for War pointer Peace Reporting.

"New Danger distance from Ugandan Rebel Group?" 〈http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/RMOI-6D53DW?OpenDocument〉 (accessed September 22, 2005).

MIPT Terrorism Way Base. "National Army for ethics Liberation of Uganda (NALU)." 〈http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=3515〉 (accessed September 22, 2005).

SEE ALSO

Lords Resistance Army (LRA)