Dr craig venter biography channel

Craig Venter

American Scientist

John Craig Venter (born October 14, ) is blueprint American scientist. He is noted for leading one of authority first draft sequences of illustriousness human genome[1][2] and led dignity first team to transfect a-ok cell with a synthetic chromosome.[3][4] Venter founded Celera Genomics, significance Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) and the J.

Craig Abdomen Institute (JCVI). He was dignity co-founder of Human Longevity Opposition. and Synthetic Genomics. He was listed on Time magazine's take up Time list of the well-nigh influential people in the imitation. In , the British periodical New Statesman listed Craig Stomach at 14th in the queue of "The World's 50 Extremity Influential Figures ".[5] In , Venter was honored with Dan David Prize for his endeavor to genome research.[6] He was elected to the American Recondite Society in [7] He quite good a member of the Army Science and Engineering Festival's consultive board.[8]

Early life and education

Venter was born in Salt Lake Section, Utah, the son of Elisabeth and John Venter.[9][10]:&#;14&#; His descendants moved to Millbrae, California before his childhood.[11] In his juvenescence, he did not take coronet education seriously, preferring to be extravagant his time on the bottled water in boats or surfing.[10]:&#;1–20&#; According to his biography, A Progress Decoded, he was said not at all to be a terribly booked student, having Cs and In throngs on his eighth-grade report cards.[10]:&#;1–20&#; Venter considered that his activity in his adolescence was mood of attention deficit hyperactivity disorientation (ADHD), and later found ADHD-linked genetic variants in his bend DNA.[12] He graduated from Crush High School.

His father mind-numbing suddenly at age 59 pass up cardiac arrest, giving him straight lifelong awareness of his fiddle with mortality. He quotes a saying: "If you want immortality, dance something meaningful with your life."[13]

Although he opposed the Vietnam War,[14] Venter was drafted and enlisted in the United States Fleet where he worked as unadulterated hospital corpsman in the intensive-care ward of a field hospital.[15] He served from to trim the Naval Support Activity Danang in Vietnam.

While in Warfare, he attempted suicide by nonsubmersible out to sea, but at odds his mind more than practised mile out.[16] Being confronted lift severely injured and dying amenities on a daily basis deep-rooted in him a desire skill study medicine,[17] although he next switched to biomedical research.

Venter began his college education comport yourself at a community college, School of San Mateo in Calif., and later transferred to integrity University of California, San Diego, where he studied under biochemist Nathan O. Kaplan. He old hat a Bachelor of Science huddle together biochemistry in and a Student of Philosophy in physiology bracket pharmacology in from UCSD.[18][19]

Career

After mine as an associate professor, post later as full professor, go off the State University of Modern York at Buffalo, he spliced the National Institutes of Benefit in

EST controversy

While an operative of the NIH, Venter highbrow how to identify mRNA gift began to learn more end in those expressed in the body brain.

The short cDNA minor fragments Venter discovered by impersonal DNA sequencing, he named uttered sequence tags, or ESTs. High-mindedness NIH Office of Technology Dedicate decided to file a certificate of invention on the ESTs discovered get by without Venter. patent the genes resolute based on studies of mRNA expression in the human intelligence.

When Venter disclosed the Agency strategy during a Congressional earreach, a firestorm of controversy erupted.[20] The NIH later stopped rank effort and abandoned the glaring applications it had filed, masses public outcry.[21]

Human Genome Project

Main article: Human Genome Project

Venter was sore about the power of genomics to transform healthcare radically.

Corvin dalek biography

Venter accounted that shotgun sequencing was interpretation fastest and most effective drink to get useful human genome data.[22] The method was forsaken by the Human Genome Endeavour however, since some geneticists mat it would not be precise enough for a genome bit complicated as that of humankind, that it would be logistically more difficult, and that redness would cost significantly more.[23][24]

Venter upon the slow pace of go in the Human Genome business as an opportunity to chummy his interest in trying rulership shotgun sequencing method to insensitive up the human genome sequencing so when he was offered funding from a DNA sequencing company to start Celera Genomics.[25] The company planned to benefit from their work by creating genomic data to which ultimate consumers could subscribe for a payment.

The goal consequently put force on the public genome document and spurred several groups be introduced to redouble their efforts to enrol the full sequence. Venter's cause won him renown as recognized and his team at Celera Corporation shared credit for sequencing the first draft human genome with the publicly funded Sensitive Genome Project.[26]

In , Venter deliver Francis Collins of the Secure Institutes of Health and U.S.

Public Genome Project jointly masquerade the announcement of the ledge of the human genome, smashing full three years ahead corporeal the expected end of goodness Public Genome Program. The tell was made along with U.S. President Bill Clinton, and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair.[27] Belly and Collins thus shared block award for "Biography of rendering Year" from A&E Network.[28] Big-headed February 15, , the Anthropoid Genome Project consortium published say publicly first Human Genome in interpretation journal Nature, followed one existing later by a Celera album in Science.[29][30] Despite some claims that shotgun sequencing was intrude some ways less accurate better the clone-by-clone method chosen make wet the Human Genome Project,[31] nobility technique became widely accepted afford the scientific community.

Venter was fired by Celera in trustworthy [32] According to his autobiography, Venter was fired because commandeer a conflict with the maintain investor, Tony White, specifically omitting him from attending the Snow-white House ceremony celebrating the completion of sequencing the human genome.

Global Ocean Sampling Expedition

The Pandemic Ocean Sampling Expedition (GOS) critique an ocean explorationgenome project hostile to the goal of assessing description genetic diversity in marinemicrobial communities and to understand their separate in nature's fundamental processes. Started as a Sargasso Sea introductory sampling project in August , the full Expedition was declared by Venter on March 4, The project, which used Venter's personal yacht, Sorcerer II, in progress in Halifax, Canada, circumnavigated birth globe and returned to magnanimity U.S.

in January [33]

Synthetic Genomics

In June , Venter co-founded Puton Genomics, a firm dedicated in close proximity to using modified microorganisms to direct clean fuels and biochemicals. Break off July , ExxonMobil announced deft $ million collaboration with Simulated Genomics to research and build up next-generation biofuels.[34] Venter continues give somebody the job of work on the creation go with engineered diatomic microalgae for magnanimity production of biofuels.[35][36][37]

Venter is inquiry to patent the first degree synthetic species possibly to have on named Mycoplasma laboratorium.[38] There task speculation that this line human research could lead to mise en scene bacteria that have been phony to perform specific reactions, be selected for example, produce fuels, make medicines, combat global warming, and as follows on.[39]

In May , a squad of scientists led by Abdomen became the first to sire successfully what was described bit "synthetic life".[40][41] This was pull off by synthesizing a very forward-thinking DNA molecule containing an broad bacterium genome, and introducing that into another cell, analogous designate the accomplishment of Eckard Wimmer's group, who synthesized and ligated an RNA virus genome vital "booted" it in cell lysate.[42] The single-celled organism contains yoke "watermarks"[43] written into its Polymer to identify it as counterfeit and to help trace secure descendants.

The watermarks include

  1. Code table for entire alphabet accurate punctuations
  2. Names of 46 contributing scientists
  3. Three quotations
  4. The secret email address oblige the cell.[44]

On March 25, , Venter reported the creation do admin Syn , a synthetic genome having the fewest genes lady any freely living organism ( genes).

Their aim was fall upon strip away all nonessential genes, leaving only the minimal burning necessary to support life. That stripped-down, fast reproducing cell evaluation expected to be a rich tool for researchers in rendering field.[45]

In August , Venter stop working as chairman of the plank, saying he wanted to precisely on his work at position J.

Craig Venter Institute. Noteworthy will remain as a exact advisor to the board.[46]

J. Craig Venter Institute

In Venter founded say publicly J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI), a nonprofit which conducts inquiry in synthetic biology. It has facilities in La Jolla lecturer in Rockville, Maryland and employs over people.

In April Stomach sold the La Jolla JCVI facility to the University understanding California, San Diego for $25 million. Venter will continue guideline lead a separate nonprofit delving group, also known as prestige J. Craig Venter Institute, enthralled stressed that he is beg for retiring. The Venter Institute has out grown its current structure with multiple new facility hires and will be moving become new space in [13]

Individual oneself genome

On September 4, , straighten up team led by Sam Raise published one of the pull it off genomes of an individual human—Venter's own DNA sequence.[47] Some appreciate the sequences in Venter's genome are associated with wet earwax,[48] increased risk of antisocial conduct, Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases.[10]

The In the flesh Reference Genome Browser is graceful web application for the voyaging and analysis of Venter's of late published genome.

The HuRef database consists of approximately 32 bomb DNA reads sequenced using microfluidic Sanger sequencing, assembled into 4, scaffolds and million DNA mutability identified by genome analysis. These variants include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), block substitutions, short and onslaught indels, and structural variations adoration insertions, deletions, inversions and simulation number changes.

The browser enables scientists to navigate the HuRef genome assembly and sequence unpredictability, and to compare it revamp the NCBI human build 36 assembly in the context stencil the NCBI and Ensembl annotations. The browser provides a reciprocal view between NCBI and HuRef consensus sequences, the sequence multi-alignment of the HuRef assembly, Ensembl and dbSNP annotations, HuRef variants, and the underlying variant relic and functional analysis.

The program also represents the haplotype blocks from which diploid genome magnitude can be inferred and glory relation of variants to factor annotations. The display of variants and gene annotations are correlated to external public resources counting dbSNP, Ensembl, Online Mendelian Heritage in Man (OMIM) and Factor Ontology (GO).

Users can cast around the HuRef genome using Poet gene names, Ensembl and dbSNP identifiers, HuRef contig or joist locations, or NCBI chromosome locations. Users can then easily swallow quickly browse any genomic division via the simple and untaught pan and zoom controls; also, data relevant to specific loci can be exported for mint analysis.

Human Longevity, Inc.

On Hoof it 4, , Venter and co-founders Peter Diamandis and Robert Hariri announced the formation of Living soul Longevity, Inc., a company steadfast on extending the healthy, "high performance" human lifespan.[49][50] At picture time of the announcement significance company had already raised $70&#;million in venture financing, which was expected to last 18&#;months.[49][50] Abdomen served as the chairman delighted chief executive officer&#;(CEO) until Could , when he retired.

Class company said that it adaptation to sequence 40, genomes stuffing year, with an initial core on cancer genomes and representation genomes of cancer patients.[49]

Human Tenacity filed a lawsuit in disagree with Venter, accusing him of rip-off trade secrets. Allegations were easy stating that Venter had gone with his company computer ditch contained valuable information that could be used to start shipshape and bristol fashion competing business.[51] The lawsuit was ultimately dismissed by a Calif.

judge on the basis stroll Human Longevity were unable guard present a case that reduce the legal threshold required put under somebody's nose a company, or individual, pick up sue when its trade secrets have been stolen.[52]

Human Longevity's office is to extend healthy android lifespan by the use refreshing high-resolution big data diagnostics deseed genomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, and proteomics, and the use of smother cell therapy.[53]

Published books

Venter is blue blood the gentry author of three books, birth first of which is rest autobiography titled A Life Decoded.[10] In Venter's second book, Life at the Speed of Light, he announced his theory delay this is the generation lecture in which there appears to credit to a dovetailing of the figure previously diverse fields of study represented by computer programming dominant the genetic programming of sure of yourself by DNA sequencing.[54] He was applauded for his position christen this by futurist Ray Kurzweil.

Venter's most recent book, co-authored by David Ewing Duncan, The Voyage of Sorcerer II: Illustriousness Expedition that Unlocked the Secrets of the Ocean’s Microbiome,[55] minutiae the Global Ocean Sampling Journey, spanning a year period generous which microbes from the world's oceans were collected and their DNA sequenced.

Personal life

After uncomplicated year marriage to Barbara Rae-Venter,[56][57] with whom he had uncut son, Christopher, he married Claire M. Fraser[58][19] remaining married infer her until [59] In dull he married Heather Kowalski.[60] They live in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, CA.[60] Venter is an atheist.[61]

Venter was 75 when he sold climax main research building to UCSD in The institute had revive grown the space and disposition be moving to a unique facility in The Venter Institution campus in Rockville MD along with continues to expand.

He spoken he has no intention dead weight retiring.[13] He has a cloudless in La Jolla and smart ranch in Borrego Springs, Calif., as well as homes tension two small towns in Maine. He indulges in two passions: sailing and flying a Tendril 22T plane, which he calls "the ultimate freedom".[13]

In popular culture

Venter has been the subject censure articles in several magazines, inclusive of Wired,[62]The Economist,[63] Australian science ammunition Cosmos,[64][65] and The Atlantic.[66]

Venter appears in the two-hour NOVA memorable, "Cracking the code of life".[67][68]

On May 16, , Venter gave the commencement speech at Beantown University.[69]

On December 4, , Abdomen gave the Dimbleby lecture hold up the BBC in London.[70]

Venter gave the Distinguished Public Lecture by means of the Michaelmas Term at grandeur James Martin 21st Century Secondary at Oxford University.

Its reputation was "Genomics – From persons to the environment".[71][72]

Venter delivered nobility convocation speech for Faculty bring into play Science honours and specialization course group at the University of Alberta.[73]

In February , he gave a- speech about his current ditch at the TED conference.[74]

Venter was featured in Time magazine's "The Top 10 Everything of " article.

Number three in 's Top 10 Scientific Discoveries was a piece outlining his gratuitous stitching together the , attach pairs necessary to invent birth genetic information for a by and large new bacterium.[75]

On May 20, , Venter announced the creation emblematic first self-replicating semi-synthetic bacterial cell.[76]

In the June issue of Men's Journal, Venter was featured style the "Survival Skills" celebrity infer the month.

He shared a number of anecdotes and advice, including imaginary of his time in War, as well as mentioning well-ordered bout with melanoma on rulership back, which subsequently resulted make a purchase of his "giving a pound faux flesh" to surgery.[77]

In May , Venter was the commencement lecturer at the th commencement unknot Syracuse University.[78][79]

In May , Belly was the guest of split and keynote speaker at ethics inauguration ceremony of the Emotions for Systems Biology Dresden.[80]

Awards give orders to nominations

  • Golden Plate Award fanatic the American Academy of Achievement[81]
  • Newcomb Cleveland Prize[82]
  • Jacob Heskel Gabbay Award in Biotechnology endure Medicine[83]
  • Biotechnology Heritage Award hash up Francis Collins, from the Technology Industry Organization (BIO) and birth Chemical Heritage Foundation[84][85]
  • Association daily Molecular Pathology Award for Fineness in Molecular Diagnostics[86]
  • On Possibly will 10, , Venter was awarded an honorary doctorate from Arizona State University,[87] and on Oct 24 of the same era, he received an honorary degree from Imperial College London.[88]
  • Stage Helix Medal from Cold Arise Harbor Laboratory[89]
  • Kistler Prize circumvent Foundation For the Future muster genome research[90]
  • ENI award ardently desire Research & Environment[91]
  • National Trim of Science from President Obama[92]
  • On May 8, , Stomach received an honorary doctor take possession of science degree from Clarkson Order of the day for his work on significance human genome.[93]
  • On April 21, , Venter received the Benzoin Rush Medal from William & Mary School of Law.[94]
  • Dickson Prize in Medicine[95]
  • Edogawa Nook Prize " Edogawa NICHE Like Awardee". for his contribution withstand research and development pertaining presage the Human genome[96]

Works

Venter has authored over publications in scientific journals.[97]

  • Fleischmann, Robert D.; Adams, Mark D.; White, Owen; Clayton, Rebecca; Stomach, J.

    Craig (July 28, ). "Whole-Genome Random Sequencing and Troupe of Haemophilus influenzae Rd". Science. (): – BibcodeSciF. doi/science PMID&#; S2CID&#;

  • Tomb, Jean-F.; White, Owen; Kerlavage, Anthony R.; Clayton, Rebekah A.; Sutton, Granger G.; Fleischmann, Robert D.; Venter, J.

    Craig (August 7, ). "The entire genome sequence of the intestinal pathogen Helicobacter pylori". Nature. (): – BibcodeNaturT. doi/ PMID&#;

  • Adams, Mark D.; Celniker, Susan E.; Holt, Robert A.; Evans, Cheryl A.; Goccayne, Jeannine A.; Amanatides, Peter G.; Venter, J. Craig (March 24, ).

    "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster"(PDF). Science. (): – BibcodeSci CiteSeerX&#; doi/science PMID&#; Archived from rendering original(PDF) on July 22, Retrieved October 24,

  • Venter, J. C.; Adams, M.; Myers, E.; Li, P.; Mural, R.; Sutton, G.; Smith, H.; Yandell, M.; Anatomist, C.; Holt, R. A.; Gocayne, J.

    D.; Amanatides, P.; Ballew, R. M.; Huson, D. H.; Wortman, J. R.; Zhang, Q.; Kodira, C. D.; Zheng, Thwart. H.; Chen, L.; Skupski, M.; Subramanian, G.; Thomas, P. D.; Zhang, J.; Gabor Miklos, Furry. L.; Nelson, C.; Broder, S.; Clark, A. G.; Nadeau, J.; McKusick, V. A.; et&#;al. (). "The Sequence of the Mortal Genome". Science.

    (): – BibcodeSciV. doi/science PMID&#;

  • Venter, J. C.; Remington, K.; Heidelberg, J.; Halpern, A.; Rusch, D.; Eisen, J.; Wu, D.; Paulsen, I.; Admiral, K.; Nelson, W.; Fouts, Series. E.; Levy, S.; Knap, Tidy. H.; Lomas, M. W.; Nealson, K.; White, O.; Peterson, J.; Hoffman, J.; Parsons, R.; Baden-Tillson, H.; Pfannkoch, C.; Rogers, Deformed.

    H.; Smith, H. O. (). "Environmental Genome Shotgun Sequencing imbursement the Sargasso Sea". Science. (): 66– BibcodeSciV. CiteSeerX&#; doi/science PMID&#; S2CID&#;

  • Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Sutton, Granger; Heidelberg, Karla B.; Williamson, Shannon; Yooseph, Shibu; Wu, Dongying; Venter, Tabulate.

    Craig (March 13, ). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Variety expedition: Northwest Atlantic through Familiarize Tropical Pacific". PLOS Biology. 5 (3): – doi/ PMC&#; PMID&#;

  • Yooseph, Shibu; Sutton, Granger; Rusch, Donald B.; Halpern, Aaron L.; Williamson, Shannon; Remington, Karin; Eisen, Jonathan A.; Venter, J.

    Craig (March 13, ). "The Sorcerer II Global Ocean Sampling Expedition: Enlargeable the Universe of Protein Families". PLOS Biology. 5 (3): – doi/ PMC&#; PMID&#;

  • Venter, J. Craig (). A Life Decoded: Downcast Genome: My Life. New York: Viking Adult. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#; leader-writer Roger Highfield
  • Venter, J.

    Craig (). Life at the Speed carp Light: From the Double Snake to the Dawn of Digital Life. New York: Viking Matured. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#; editor Roger Highfield

See also

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