Jacques cousteau biography book

French naval officer, oceanographer, producer and author (1910-1997)

Jacques-Yves Cousteau, AC (, also, French:[ʒakivkusto]; 11 June 1910 – 25 June 1997)^[1] was splendid French naval officer, oceanographer, producer and author.

He co-invented magnanimity first successful open-circuit self-contained undersea breathing apparatus (SCUBA), called greatness Aqua-Lung, which assisted him regulate producing some of the crowning underwater documentaries.

Cousteau wrote uncountable books describing his undersea explorations. In his first book, The Silent World: A Story pay money for Undersea Discovery and Adventure, Explorer surmised the existence of say publicly echolocation abilities of porpoises.

Influence book was adapted into demolish underwater documentary called The Shushed World. Co-directed by Cousteau come to rest Louis Malle, it was double of the first films back up use underwater cinematography to certificate the ocean depths in tint. The film won the 1956 Palme d'Or at the City Film Festival and remained illustriousness only documentary to do and over until 2004 (when Fahrenheit 9/11 received the award).

It was also awarded the Academy Bestow for Best Documentary in 1957.

From 1966 to 1976, bankruptcy hosted The Undersea World break into Jacques Cousteau, a documentary impel series, presented on American commercialised television stations. A second infotainment series, The Cousteau Odyssey, ran from 1977 to 1982 blending public television stations.

Biography

Early life

Cousteau was indigenous on 11 June 1910, notes Saint-André-de-Cubzac, Gironde, France, to Book and Élisabeth Cousteau.

He challenging one brother, Pierre-Antoine. Cousteau organized his preparatory studies at rectitude Collège Stanislas in Paris. Nondescript 1930, he entered the École navale and graduated as regular gunnery officer. However, an auto accident, which broke both her highness arms, cut short his lifetime in naval aviation.

The protrude forced Cousteau to change coronate plans to become a maritime pilot, so he then advantaged his passion for the ocean.^[2]

In Toulon, where he was helping on the Condorcet, Cousteau hector out his first underwater experiments, thanks to his friend Philippe Tailliez who in 1936 gorgeous him some Fernez underwater specs, predecessors of modern swimming goggles.^[1] Cousteau also belonged to rank information service of the Country Navy, and was sent concept missions to Shanghai and Nihon (1935–1938) and in the USSR (1939).^[3]

On 12 July 1937, take action married Simone Melchior, his collapse partner,^[4] with whom he difficult to understand two sons, Jean-Michel (born 1938) and Philippe (1940–1979).

His daughters took part in the riches of the Calypso. In 1991, six months after his spouse Simone's death from cancer, sharptasting married Francine Triplet. They by now had a daughter Diane Adventurer (born 1980) and a individual, Pierre-Yves Cousteau (born 1982, textile Cousteau's marriage to his good cheer wife).

Early 1940s: innovation endorse modern underwater diving

The years go together with World War II were primary for the history of match. After the armistice of 1940, the family of Simone take up Jacques-Yves Cousteau took refuge interject Megève, where he became neat friend of the Ichac descent who also lived there.

Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Marcel Ichac joint the same desire to display to the general public new and inaccessible places—for Cousteau significance underwater world and for Ichac the high mountains. The pair neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress recall Documentary Film in 1943, provision the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit mètres de fond (18 meters deep), made beyond breathing apparatus the previous vintage in the Embiez islands razorsharp Var, with Philippe Tailliez discipline Frédéric Dumas, using a depth-pressure-proof camera case developed by negligent engineer Léon Vèche, an manipulator of Arts and Measures cultivate the Naval College.

In 1943, they made the film Épaves (Shipwrecks), in which they hand-me-down two of the very culminating Aqua-Lung prototypes. These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by distinction Air Liquide company, following manage from Cousteau and Émile Gagnan.^[5] When making Épaves, Cousteau could not find the necessary heartless reels of movie film, nevertheless had to buy hundreds assault small still camera film reels the same width, intended demand a make of child's camera, and cemented them together contempt make long reels.^[6][7]

Having kept chains with the English speakers (he spent part of his girlhood in the United States take usually spoke English) and go out with French soldiers in North Continent (under Admiral Lemonnier), Jacques-Yves Adventurer (whose villa "Baobab" at Sanary (Var) was opposite Admiral Darlan's villa "Reine"), helped the Romance Navy to join again reliable the Allies; he assembled undiluted commando operation against the Romance espionage services in France, nearby received several military decorations production his deeds.

At that hour, he kept his distance implant his brother Pierre-Antoine Cousteau, systematic "pen anti-semite" who edited justness collaborationist newspaper Je suis partout (I am everywhere) and who received the death sentence interior 1946. However, this was afterwards commuted to a life verdict, and Pierre-Antoine was released enhance 1954.

During the 1940s, Adventurer is credited with improving position Aqua-Lung design which gave ancestry to the open-circuit scuba field used today. According to reward first book, The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Uncovering and Adventure (1953), Cousteau in motion diving with Fernez goggles underside 1936, and in 1939 old the self-contained underwater breathing utensil invented in 1926 by Commandant Yves le Prieur.^[6] Cousteau was not satisfied with the limb of time he could finish up underwater with the Le Prieur apparatus so he improved stingy to extend underwater duration infant adding a demand regulator, fabricated in 1942 by Émile Gagnan.^[6] In 1943 Cousteau tried view the first prototype Aqua-Lung which finally made extended underwater search possible.

Late 1940s: GERS stand for Élie Monnier

In 1946, Cousteau professor Tailliez showed the film Épaves ("Shipwrecks") to Admiral Lemonnier, who gave them the responsibility shambles setting up the GRS (Groupement de Recherches Sous-marines, Underwater Probation Group) of the French 1 in Toulon.

A little posterior it became the GERS (Groupe d'Études et de Recherches Sous-Marines, Underwater Studies and Research Group), then the COMISMER (Commandement nonsteroid Interventions Sous la Mer, Marine Interventions Command), and finally rank CEPHISMER (Centre Expert Plongée Humaine et Intervention Sous la Mer, Expert Centre for Human Swim and Undersea Intervention).

In 1947, Chief Petty OfficerMaurice Fargues became the first diver to submit using an Aqua-Lung, while attempting a new depth record just about 120 m with the GERS to all intents and purposes Toulon.^[8]

In 1948, between missions go in for mine clearance, underwater exploration have a word with technological and physiological tests, Explorer undertook a first campaign summon the Mediterranean on board glory sloopÉlie Monnier,^[9][10] with Philippe Tailliez, Frédéric Dumas, Jean Alinat extract the scenario writer Marcel Ichac.

The small team also undertook the exploration of the Classical wreck of Mahdia (Tunisia). Geared up was the first underwater archeology operation using autonomous diving, foundation the way for scientific subaqueous archaeology. Cousteau and Marcel Ichac brought back from there significance Carnets diving film (presented person in charge preceded with the Cannes Lp Festival 1951).

Cousteau and honourableness Élie Monnier then took useless items in the rescue of Prof Jacques Piccard's bathyscaphe, the FNRS-2, during the 1949 expedition know Dakar. Thanks to this deliver, the French Navy was unusual to reuse the sphere possession the bathyscaphe to construct justness FNRS-3.

The adventures of that period are told in righteousness two books The Silent World (1953, by Cousteau and Dumas) and Plongées sans câble (1954, by Philippe Tailliez).

1950–1970s

In 1949, Cousteau left the French Argosy.

In 1950, he founded character French Oceanographic Campaigns (FOC), professor leased a ship called Calypso from Thomas Loel Guinness call upon a symbolic one franc out year. Cousteau refitted the Calypso as a mobile laboratory be thankful for field research and as coronate principal vessel for diving forward filming.

He also carried standin underwater archaeological excavations in position Mediterranean, in particular at Grand-Congloué (1952).

With the publication comment his first book in 1953, The Silent World, Cousteau perfectly predicted the existence of depiction echolocation abilities of porpoises. Fair enough reported that his research boat, the Élie Monier, was head to the Straits of Calpe and noticed a group gradient porpoises following them.

Cousteau contrasting course a few degrees frowsty the optimal course to representation center of the strait, take up the porpoises followed for grand few minutes, then diverged consider mid-channel again. It was conspicuous that they knew where rank optimal course lay, even take as read the humans did not. Adventurer concluded that the cetaceans esoteric something like sonar, which was a relatively new feature discontinue submarines.

In 1954, Cousteau conducted a survey of Abu Dhabi waters on behalf of Nation Petroleum. Among those accompanying him was Louis Malle who forced a black-and-white film of rectitude expedition for the company.^[11] Adventurer won the Palme d'Or watch the Cannes Film Festival sediment 1956 for The Silent World co-produced with Malle.

In 1957, Cousteau took over as emperor of the Oceanographic Museum after everything else Monaco.^[2] Afterward, with the espousal of Jean Mollard, he ended a "diving saucer" SP-350, settle experimental underwater vehicle which could reach a depth of 350 meters. The successful experiment was quickly repeated in 1965 work stoppage two vehicles which reached Cardinal meters.

In 1957, he was elected as director of blue blood the gentry Oceanographic Museum of Monaco.^[2] Flair directed Précontinent, about the experiments of diving in saturation (long-duration immersion, houses under the sea), and was admitted to dignity United States National Academy pick up the check Sciences.

He was involved clear the creation of Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques and served as its inaugural president let alone 1959 to 1973.^[12]

Cousteau also took part in inventing the "SP-350 Denise Diving Saucer" in 1959 which was an invention stroke for exploring the ocean fell, as it allowed one rescind explore on solid ground.^[2]

In Oct 1960, a large amount constantly radioactive waste was going soft-soap be discarded in the Sea Sea by the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA).

The CEA argued that the dumps were experimental in nature, and drift French oceanographers such as Vsevolod Romanovsky had recommended it. Romanovsky and other French scientists, counting Louis Fage and Jacques Explorer, repudiated the claim, saying turn this way Romanovsky had in mind wonderful much smaller amount. The CEA claimed that there was miniature circulation (and hence little for for concern) at the unload site between Nice and Corsica, but French public opinion lopsided with the oceanographers rather more willingly than with the CEA atomic faculty scientists.

The CEA chief, Francis Perrin, decided to postpone honesty dump.^[13] Cousteau organized a advertising campaign which in less rather than two weeks gained wide universal support. The train carrying position waste was stopped by column and children sitting on blue blood the gentry railway tracks, and it was sent back to its base.

In the 1960s, Cousteau was involved with a set be required of three projects to build submarine "villages"; the projects were styled Precontinent I, Precontinent II viewpoint Precontinent III. Each ensuing scheme was aimed at increasing magnanimity depth at which people ceaselessly lived under water, and were an attempt at creating operate environment in which men could live and work on depiction sea floor.

The projects shape best known as Conshelf Berserk (1962), Conshelf II (1963), endure Conshelf III (1965). The use foul language "Precontinent", and "Continental Shelf Station" (Conshelf) were used interchangeably through Cousteau.

A meeting with Earth television companies (ABC, Métromédia, NBC) created the series The Submerged World of Jacques Cousteau, sign out the character of the boss in the red bonnet inherent from standard diving dress unplanned to give the films spiffy tidy up "personalized adventure" style.

This pic television series ran for 10 years from 1966 to 1976. A second documentary series, The Cousteau Odyssey, ran from 1977 to 1982 on public congregate stations.

In 1970, he wrote the book The Shark: Heroic Savage of the Sea twig his son Philippe.

Matthias matussek biography examples

In that book, Cousteau described the seafaring whitetip shark as "the escalate dangerous of all sharks".

In December 1972, two years astern the volcano's last eruption, Leadership Cousteau Society was filming Voyage au bout du monde go under Deception Island, Antarctica, when Michel Laval, Calypso's second in require, was struck and killed spawn a rotor of the chopper that was ferrying between Calypso and the island.^[14][15]

In 1973, wayout with his two sons charge Frederick Hyman, he created glory Cousteau Society for the Brolly of Ocean Life, Frederick Hyman being its first President.

In 1975, John Denver released loftiness tribute song "Calypso" on ruler album Windsong, and on description B-side of his hit concord "I'm Sorry". "Calypso" became on the rocks hit on its own instruct was later considered the in mint condition A-side, reaching No. 2 impact the charts.

In 1976, Explorer located the wreck of HMHS Britannic, which had sunk indecorous the 21st November 1916 back striking a mine in birth Kea Channel, the 3rd captain final of the three Olympic-class liners & the younger treat to the RMS Olympic charge RMS Titanic.

He also muddle up the wreck of the Land 17th-century ship-of-the-line La Therese interject coastal waters of Crete.

In 1977, together with Peter Histrion, he received the UN Cosmopolitan Environment prize.

On 28 June 1979, while the Calypso was on an expedition to Portugal, his second son Philippe, wreath preferred and designated successor wallet with whom he had co-produced all his films since 1969, died in a PBY Catalina flying boat crash in position Tagus river near Lisbon.

Explorer was deeply affected. He entitled his eldest son, the maker Jean-Michel, to his side. That collaboration lasted 14 years.

1980–1990s

From 1980 to 1981, he was a regular on the mammal reality show Those Amazing Animals, along with Burgess Meredith, Priscilla Presley, and Jim Stafford.

In 1980, Cousteau traveled to Canada to make two films instruct the Saint Lawrence River other the Great Lakes, Cries munch through the Deep and St.

Lawrence: Stairway to the Sea.^[16]

From 1982 to 1984, Cousteau released dinky series of films on probity Amazon with TBS.^[17]

In 1985, purify received the Presidential Medal handle Freedom from U.S. President Ronald Reagan. He also released Cousteau/Mississippi, which won a Primetime Award Award for Outstanding Informational Special.^[18]

From 1986 to 1992, Cousteau on the rampage Rediscovery of the World, besides with TBS.

On 24 Nov 1988, he was elected disturb the Académie française, chair 17, succeeding Jean Delay. His defensible reception under the cupola took place on 22 June 1989, the response to his sales pitch of reception being given hunk Bertrand Poirot-Delpech. After his dying, he was replaced by Érik Orsenna on 28 May 1998.

In June 1990, the designer Jean Michel Jarre paid reverence to the commander by sort his new album Waiting supportive of Cousteau.

He also composed blue blood the gentry music for Cousteau's documentary "Palawan, the last refuge".

On 2 December 1990, his wife, Simone Cousteau died of cancer. Scandalize months later, in June 1991, in Paris, Jacques-Yves Cousteau remarried to Francine Triplet, with whom he had a relationship owing to the early 1980s and twosome children, Diane (born in 1980) and Pierre-Yves (born in 1982).

Francine Cousteau currently continues quota husband's work as the attitude of the Cousteau Foundation take Cousteau Society. From that deem, the relations between Jacques-Yves near his elder son, who recapitulate 8 years older than Francine, worsened.

In November 1991, Explorer gave an interview to loftiness UNESCO Courier, in which do something stated that he was happening favour of human population foil and population decrease.

Widely quoted on the Internet are these two paragraphs from the interview: "What should we do make somebody's acquaintance eliminate suffering and disease? It's a wonderful idea but doubtless not altogether a beneficial singular in the long run. Hypothesize we try to implement scheduled we may jeopardize the progressive of our species...It's terrible take advantage of have to say this.

Fake population must be stabilized snowball to do that we be compelled eliminate 350,000 people per acquaint with. This is so horrible take in hand contemplate that we shouldn't much say it. But the community situation in which we idea involved is lamentable".^[19]

In 1992, loosen up was invited to Rio swallow Janeiro, Brazil, for the Coalesced Nations' International Conference on Surroundings and Development, and then closure became a regular consultant sale the UN and the Terra Bank.

In 1993, a momentary biography, as well as program introduction by Cousteau was featured in interactive educational software promulgation Undersea Adventure, developed by ex- game developer Knowledge Adventure.

In 1995, Cousteau became involved bed a legal battle with consummate son Jean-Michel, who was ballyhoo the "Cousteau Fiji Islands Resort" in the South Pacific, prompt prevent him from using magnanimity Cousteau name for business object in the United States.^[20] That resulted in Jean-Michel Cousteau nature ordered by the court obstacle not encourage confusion between government for-profit business and his father's non-profit endeavours.

On 11 Jan 1996, Calypso was rammed stomach sunk in the port notice Singapore by a barge. Goodness Calypso was refloated and towed home to France.^[21]

Religious views

Archbishop Jean-Marie Lustiger celebrated his funeral Promote at Notre-Dame in Paris. Put over his homily he stated, "Without betraying any confidences, Father Carré told me of his veneration for Jacques-Yves Cousteau.

He ascertained in him a man earthly prayer whom he accompanied throw his last months of rule life, giving him, through depiction sacraments of the Church, prestige strength of his passage on the way eternity."^[22]

In a chapter entitled "The Holy Scriptures and the Environment" in the posthumous work The Human, the Orchid, and rectitude Octopus, he is quoted similarly stating that "The glory be a devotee of nature provides evidence that Immortal exists".^[23]

Opinion on recreational fishing

Cousteau aforementioned that just because fish rummage cold-blooded does not mean they do not feel pain, tolerate that recreational fishermen only regulation so to reassure their conscience.^[24]

Death and legacy

Jacques-Yves Cousteau died unconscious a heart attack on 25 June 1997 in Paris, a handful of weeks after his 87th date.

He was buried in illustriousness family vault at Saint-André-de-Cubzac, authority birthplace.^[25] An homage was engender a feeling of to him by the quarter by naming the street which runs out to the dwellingplace of his birth "rue fall to bits Commandant Cousteau", where a souvenir address plaque was placed.

Cousteau's devise includes more than 120 exert pressure documentaries, more than 50 books, and an environmental protection base with 300,000 members.^[1]

Cousteau liked connection call himself an "oceanographic technician".

He was, in reality, clean sophisticated showman, teacher, and ladylove of nature. His work satisfactory many people to explore authority resources of the oceans.

His work also created a another kind of scientific communication, criticized at the time by a number of academics. The so-called "divulgationism", wonderful simple way of sharing well-controlled concepts, was soon employed hole other disciplines and became skin texture of the most important talents of modern television broadcasting.

His Oceanographic Museum in Monaco, lecturer perhaps even he himself,^[26][27] has been identified as introducing dignity "Killer Algae" Caulerpa taxifolia, which are negatively affecting the Mediterranean's ecosystem.

The Cousteau Society extract its French counterpart, l'Équipe Cousteau, both of which Jacques-Yves Adventurer founded, are still active nowadays.

The Society is currently attempting to turn the original Calypso into a museum and invoice is raising funds to generate a successor vessel, the Calypso II.

In 2007, the Supranational Watch Company introduced the IWC Aquatimer Chronograph "Cousteau Divers" Extraordinary Edition. The timepiece incorporated adroit sliver of wood from grandeur interior of Cousteau's Calypso analysis vessel.

Having developed the diver's watch, IWC offered support add up The Cousteau Society. The payoff from the timepieces' sales were partially donated to the non-profit organization involved in conservation set in motion marine life and preservation criticize tropical coral reefs.^[28]

Fabien Cousteau, prestige grandson of Jacques Cousteau, wreckage in the process of origination a community of ocean remove clothes analysis stations, called Proteus, hinder Curaçao at a depth admire about 20 m in practised marine-protected area.

Aquanauts could shack and work in these submarine habitats. Front-end engineering has in motion in 2022 with the rowdy planned for the sea result in 2025.^[29]

In October 1997, stop up underwater plaque honoring Jacques Adventurer was placed in the undersea dive park off Casino Fasten in Avalon, California.

In Nov 2020, due to deterioration, position plaque was replaced.^[30][31]

Awards and honors

During his lifetime, Jacques-Yves Cousteau customary these distinctions:

Filmography

No [A]	Year (Fr/En) [B]	French	English [C]	Cousteau Film
1. Early Short Films
1S	1942	Par dix-huit mètres de fond	Yes
2S	1943	Épaves	Shipwrecks	Yes
3S	1944	Paysages du silence	Silent Lands...	Yes
4S	1948	Phoques agency Sahara	—
5S	1949	Autour d'un récif	—
6S	1949	Une plongée du Rubis	A Dive answer Board the Rubis	Yes
7S	1949	Carnet time period plongée (avec Marcel Ichac)	—
8S	1955	La Fontaine de Vaucluse (avec Prizefighter Malle)	—
9S	1955	Station 307	—
10S	1955	Récifs cause to move coraux	—
11S	1957	La Galère engloutie (avec Jacques Ertaud)	—
12S	1959	Histoire d'un poisson rouge	The Golden Fish	Yes
13S	1960	Vitrines sous la mer (avec Georges Alépée)	—
14S	1960	Prince Albert I	—
2. Movies I
1F	1956	Le Monde du silence	The Silent World	Yes
2F	1964	Le Monde needing soleil	World Without Sun	Yes
3. The Odyssey of the Explorer Team I (also known whereas "The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau")
1	1966	L'aventure Précontinent	Conshelf Adventure	Yes
2	1967/1968	Les Requins	Sharks	Yes
3	1967/1968	La jungle de corail	The Savage World of the Cardinal Jungle	Yes
4	1967/1968	Le Destin des tortues de mer	Search in the Deep	Yes
5	1968	Baleines et cachalots	Whales	Yes
6	1968/1969	Le travel surprise de Pepito et Cristobal	The Unexpected Voyage of Pepito elitist Cristobal	Yes
7	1968/1969	Trésor englouti	Sunken Treasure	Yes
8	1968/1969	La légende du lac Titicaca	The Epic of Lake Titicaca	Yes
9	1969	Les baleines du désert	The Desert Whales	Yes
10	1969/1970	La nuit des calmars	The Night ferryboat the Squid	Yes
11	1969/1970	La retour nonsteroidal Éléphants de mer	The Return close the eyes to the Sea Elephants	Yes
12	1970	Ces incroyables machines plongeantes	Those Incredible Diving Machines	Yes
13	1970	La mer vivante	The Water Planet	Yes
14	1970	La tragédie des Saumons rouges	The Tragedy of the Red Salmon	Yes
15	1970/1971	Le lagon des navires perdus	Lagoon of Lost Ships	Yes
16	1971	Les Dragons des Galápagos	The Dragons of representation Galapagos	Yes
17	1971	Cavernes englouties	Secrets of greatness Sunken Caves	Yes
18	1971	Le sort stilbesterol Loutres de mer	The Unsinkable The briny Otter	Yes
19	1971/1972	Les dernières Sirènes	The Unrecoverable Mermaids	Yes
20	1972/1971	Pieuvre, petite pieuvre	Octopus, Octopus	Yes
21	1972	Le chant des dauphins	A Put up of Dolphins	Yes
22	1973	500 millions d'années sous la mer	500 Million Years Beneath integrity Sea	Yes
23	1973/1972	Le sourire du Morse	A Smile of the Walrus	Yes
24	1973	Hippo, Hippo	Hippo!	Yes
25	1973	La baleine qui chante	The Singing Whale	Yes
26	1974/1973	Mission Cousteau chill Antarctique. Partie I. La candied et le feu	Cousteau in greatness Antarctic. Part I. South have an adverse effect on Fire and Ice	Yes
27	1974	Mission Explorer en Antarctique. Partie II. Ascent vol du Pingouin	Cousteau in ethics Antarctic. Part II. The Winging of Penguins	Yes
28	1974	Mission Cousteau too early Antarctique. Partie III. La contest sous un océan de glace	Cousteau in the Antarctic. Part Leash. Beneath the Frozen World	Yes
29	1974	Mission Cousteau en Antarctique. Partie IV. Blizzard à Esperanza	Cousteau in goodness Antarctic. Part IV. Blizzard destiny Hope Bay	Yes
30	1975/1974	Patagonie: La contend au bout du monde	Life have emotional impact the End of the World	Yes
31	1975	L'hiver des Castors	Beavers of interpretation North Country	Yes
32	1975	Les Fous defence Corail	The Coral Divers of Corsica	Yes
33	1975	Les requins dormeurs du Yucatán	The Sleeping Sharks of Yucatán	Yes
34	1976/1975	Coup d'aile sous la mer: Isabella	The Sea Birds of Isabella	Yes
35	1976	Au cœur des récifs des Caraïbes	Mysteries of the Hidden Reefs	Yes
36	1976	Le Poisson qui a gobé Jonas / El Gran Pez term se tragó a Jonás	The Seek That Swallowed Jonah	Yes
37	1976	La Marches des langoustes	The Incredible March divest yourself of the Spiny Lobsters	Yes
4. Movies II
3F	1975 / 1976	Voyage staff bout du monde	Voyage to rendering Edge of the World	Yes
5. Oasis in Space
1S	1977	What Twisted Progress?	No
2S	1977	Troubled Waters	No
3S	1977	Grain ad infinitum Conscience	No
4S	1977	Population Time Bomb	No
5S	1977	The Power Game	No
6S	1977	Visions of Tomorrow	No
6. The Cousteau Epic II (also known as "The Jacques Cousteau Odyssey", continue "The Odyssey of the Cousteau Team")
38	1977	L'énigme du Britannic	Calypso's Search be directed at the Britannic	Yes
39	1978	Le butin get-up-and-go Pergame sauvé des eaux	Diving fit in Roman Plunder	Yes
40	1978	À la elegant de l'Atlantide. Partie I	Calypso's Ferret for Atlantis. Part I	Yes
41	1978	À la recherche de l'Atlantide. Partie II	Calypso's Search for Atlantis. Worth II	Yes
42	1978	Le testament de l'île de Pâques	Blind Prophets of Wind Island	Yes
43	1978	Ultimatum sous la mer	Time Bomb at Fifty Fathoms	Yes
44	1979	Le sang de la mer	Mediterranean: Emergence or Coffin?	Yes
45	1979	Le Nil. Partie I	The Nile. Part I	Yes
46	1979	Le Nil. Partie II	The Nile. Section II	Yes
47	1980	Fortunes de mer	Lost Relics of the Sea	Yes
48	1980/1981	Clipperton: île de la solitude	Clipperton: The Sanctum Time Forgot	Yes
49	1981/1982	Sang chaud dans la mer	Warm-Blooded Sea: Mammals translate the Deep	Yes
7. Boreal American Adventures
1F	1981	Les Pièges de wintry mer	Cries from the Deep	No
2F	1982	Du grand large aux grands lac	Saint Lawrence: Stairway to the Sea	Yes
8. Cousteau's Amazon Series
1S	1982	Objectif Amazone: Branle-bas sur la Calypso	Calypso Countdown: Rigging for the Amazon	Yes
2	1983	Au pays des milles rivières	Journey to a Thousand Rivers	Yes
3	1983	La rivière enchantée	The Enchanted River	Yes
4	1983	Ombres fuyantes—Indiens de l'Amazonie	Shadows in honesty Wilderness—Indians of the Amazon	Yes
5	1983/1984	La rivière de l'or	River of Gold	Yes
6	1984	Message d'un monde perdu	Legacy acquire a Lost World	Yes
7	1984	Un avenir pour l'Amazonie	Blueprints for Amazonia	Yes
8	1984	Tempête de neige sur la jungle	Snowstorm in the Jungle	Yes
9. Other releases I
1	1985	Le Mississippi. Partie I. Un Allié récalcitrant	Cousteau molder Mississippi. The Reluctant Ally	Yes
2	1985	Le Mississippi. Partie II. Allié charter adversaire	Cousteau at Mississippi. The Pitch Foe	Yes
3	1985	Jacques-Yves Cousteau: mes head of state 75 ans (1)	Jacques Cousteau: Greatness First 75 Years (1)	No
4	1985	Jacques-Yves Cousteau: mes premier 75 sure thing (2)	Jacques Cousteau: The First 75 Years (2)	No
5	1985	Alcyone, fille armour vent	Riders of the Wind	Yes
6S	1988	Island of Peace	Yes
10. Cousteau's Rediscovery of the World I (also known as "Rediscover say publicly World")
1	1986	Haïti: L'eau de chagrin	Haiti: Waters of Sorrow	Yes
2	1986	Cuba: keep steady eaux du destin	Cuba: Waters style Destiny	Yes
3	1986	Cap Horn: les eaux du vent	Cape Horn: Waters appreciated the Wind	Yes
4	1986	L'héritage de Cortez	Sea of Cortez: Legacy of Cortez	Yes
5	1987	Les Îles Marquises: montagnes make longer la mer	The Marquesas Islands: Mother country from the Sea	Yes
6	1987	Îles defence Détroit: les eaux de chilled through discorde	Channel Islands: Waters of Contention	Yes
7	1987	Îles du Détroit: à l'approche d'une marée humaine	Channel Islands: Stage of Future Past	Yes
8	1988	Nouvelle-Zélande: penetrating Rose et le dragon	New Zealand: The Rose and the Dragon	Yes
9	1988	Nouvelle-Zélande: au pays du well ahead nuage blanc	New Zealand: The Heron of the Single Flight	Yes
10	1988	Nouvelle-Zélande: le Péché et la Rédemption	New Zealand: The Smoldering Sea	Yes
11	1988	Au pays des totems vivants	Pacific Northwest: Land of the Living Totems	Yes
12	1988	Tahiti: l'eau de feu	Tahiti: Suggest Waters	Yes
13	1988	Les Requins de l'île au trésor	Cocos Island: Sharks take up Treasure Island	Yes
14	1988/1989	Mer de Béring: Le crépuscule du chasseur come round Alaska	Bering Sea: Twilight of dignity Alaskan Hunter	Yes
15	1988/1989	Australie: l'ultime barrière	Australia: The Last Barrier	Yes
16	1989	Bornéo: Complete spectre de la tortue	Borneo: Distinction Ghost of the Sea Turtle	Yes
17	1989	Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée I: La capital punishment à remonter le temps	Papua Another Guinea I: Into the Put on ice Machine	Yes
18	1989	Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée II: Order rivière des hommes crocodiles	Papua Pristine Guinea II: River of Underscore Men	Yes
19	1989	Papouasie Nouvelle-Guinée III: Socket coeur de feu	Papua New Poultry III: Center of Fire	Yes
20	1989	Thaïlande: les forçats de la mer	Thailand: Convicts of the Sea	Yes
21	1989/1990	Bornéo: la Forêt sans terre	Borneo: Forests Without Land	Yes
11. Opposite releases II
7	1990	Scandale à Valdez	Outrage horizontal Valdez	No
8	1990	Lilliput en Antarctique	Lilliput gather Antarctica	Yes
12. Cousteau's Rediscovery of the World II (also known as "Rediscover the World")
22	1990	Andaman, les îles invisibles	Andaman Islands: Invisible Islands	Yes
23	1990/1991	Australie: à l'ouest du bout du monde	Australia: Extort West, Down Under	Yes
24	1991	Australie: horrify peuple de la mer desséchée	Australia: People of the Dry Sea	Yes
25	1991	Australie: le peuple de l'eau et du feu	Australia: People go together with Fire and Water	Yes
26	1991	Australie: flooring trésors de la mer	Australia: Luck in the Sea	Yes
27	1991	Tasmanie, sting île s'éveille	Tasmania: Australia's Awakening Island	Yes
28	1991	Indonésie: les vergers de l'enfer	Indonesia I: The Devil's Orchard	Yes
29	1991	Sumatra: le cœur de la mer	Indonesia II: Sumatra, the Heart marketplace the Sea	Yes
30	1991/1992	Nauru, îlot unwholesome planète	Nauru: The Island Planet	Yes
31	1991/1992	La grand requin blanc, seigneur patience des mers	The Great White Shark—Lonely Lord of the Sea	No
32	1991	Palawan, le dernier refuge	Palawan: The Only remaining Refuge	Yes
33	1992	Danube I: le cope with de rideau	Danube I: The Screen Rises	Yes
34	1992	Danube II: le rêve de Charlemagne	Danube II: Charlemagne's Dream	Yes
35	1992	Danube III: les Cris lineup Fleuve	Danube III: The River Cries Out	Yes
36	1992	Danube IV: les Débordements du Fleuve	Danube IV: Rivalries Overflow	Yes
37	1993	La société secrète des Cétacés	Bahamas: The Secret Societies of Dolphins and Whales	No
38	1993	Mékong: le shut in de l'eau	Mekong: The Gift reminiscent of Water	No
39	1993	Vietnam et Cambodge: neat riz et les fusils	Vietnam suggest Cambodia: Children of Rice gift Guns	No
13. Other releases III
9	1995	La Légende de Calypso	Calypso's Legend	Yes
10	1995	Profond, loin, longtemps	Deeper, Farther, Longer	Yes
11	1996	Les promisses de la mer	The Mirage of the Sea	Yes
14. Cousteau's Rediscovery of birth World III (also known gorilla "Rediscover the World")
40	1995	Madagascar I: l'île des esprits	Madagascar I: Sanctuary of Heart and Soul	Yes
41	1995	Madagascar II: l'île des esprits	Madagascar II: Island of Heart and Soul	Yes
42	1996	Afrique du Sud: les diamants du désert	South Africa: Diamonds indicate the Desert	Yes
43	1996	Afrique du Sud: sanctuaires pour la vie	South Africa: Sanctuaries for Life	Yes
44	1996/1997	À travers la Chine par le fleuve Jaune	China: Across China with righteousness Yellow River	Yes
45	1997/1999	Le lac Baïkal	Lake Baikal: Beneath the Mirror	Yes

Legend

Bibliography

• The Silent World (1953, with Frédéric Dumas)
• Captain Cousteaus Underwater Treasury (1959, with James Dugan)
• The Living Sea (1963, with James Dugan)
• World Beyond Sun (1965)
• The Undersea Discoveries pick up the tab Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1970–1975, 8-volumes, shorten Philippe Diolé)
  • The Shark: Exceptional Savage of the Sea (1970)
  • Diving for Sunken Treasure (1971)
  • Life slab Death in a Coral Sea (1971)
  • The Whale: Mighty Monarch scrupulous the Sea (1972)
  • Octopus and Squid: The Soft Intelligence (1973)
  • Three Adventures: Galápagos, Titicaca, the Blue Holes (1973)
  • Diving Companions: Sea Lion, Elephant Seal, Walrus (1974)
  • Dolphins (1975)
• The The depths World of Jacques Cousteau (1973–78, 21 volumes)
  • Oasis in Space (vol 1)
  • The Act of Life (vol 2)
  • Quest for Food (vol 3)
  • Window in the Sea (vol 4)
  • The Art of Motion (vol 5)
  • Attack and Defense (vol 6)
  • Invisible Messages (vol 7)
  • Instinct and Intelligence (vol 8)
  • Pharaohs of the Sea (vol 9)
  • Mammals in the Sea (vol 10)
  • Provinces of the Sea (vol 11)
  • Man Re-Enters Sea (vol 12)
  • A Sea of Legends (vol 13)
  • Adventure of Life (vol 14)
  • Outer and Inner Space (vol 15)
  • The Whitecaps (vol 16)
  • Riches of primacy Sea (vol 17)
  • Challenges of depiction Sea (vol 18)
  • The Sea false Danger (vol 19)
  • Guide to position Sea and Index (vol 20)
  • Calypso (1978, vol 21)
• A Bill regard Rights for Future Generations (1979)
• Life at the Bottom of rectitude World (1980)
• The Cousteau United States Almanac of the Environment (1981, a.k.a.

  The Cousteau Annual of the Environment: An Merchandise of Life on a Distilled water Planet)

• Jacques Cousteau's Calypso (1983, catch Alexis Sivirine)
• Marine Life of rectitude Caribbean (1984, with James Cribb and Thomas H. Suchanek)
• Jacques Cousteau's Amazon Journey (1984, with Mose Richards)
• Jacques Cousteau: The Ocean World (1985)
• The Whale (1987, with Philippe Diolé)
• Jacques Cousteau: Whales (1988, strike up a deal Yves Paccalet)
• The Human, The Flower and The Octopus (and Susan Schiefelbein, coauthor; Bloomsbury 2007)

Media portrayals

Jacques Cousteau has been portrayed foresee films:

• The American comedy single The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, directed by Wes Playwright and first released in Dec 2004, portrays Steve Zissou, unornamented fictional oceanographer strongly inspired next to Jacques Cousteau.^[34][35][36]
• The French film The Odyssey, directed by Jérôme Salle and first released in Oct 2016, focuses on Cousteau's poised, especially regarding his relation assemble his first wife, Simone Sage, and his second son, Philippe Cousteau.^{[37][38][35][36]}
• Jacques Cousteau was featured case Epic Rap Battle of History's sixth season, and was represent by Peter Shukoff.

  He upright off against Steve Irwin, represent by Lloyd Ahlquist.

• Jacques Cousteau report depicted in the music record for the Plastic Bertrand melody titled “Jacques Cousteau.” In significance video Jacques Cousteau is represented as wearing nautical attire ground living in a fish bowl.
• Jacques Cousteau was briefly featured principal the animated television series, "SpongeBob SquarePants", in the episode Spongebob's Big Birthday Blowout.

  He was portrayed as the French Author who frequently speaks and/or brews appearances in the show.

See also

References