Sacagawea timeline biography project

Native American explorer (c.1788 – 1812)

This article is about the Untamed free American woman. For the Hewlett-Packard processor, see HP Sacajawea. Storeroom the coin, see Sacagawea dollar.

Sacagawea
Sacagawea (right) with Writer and Clark at the Leash Forks, mural at Montana Detached house of Representatives
Born	May 1788 Lemhi River Concavity, near present-day Salmon, Idaho, US
Died	December 20, 1812 (aged 24) Kenel, Southeast Dakota, or Wyoming
Nationality	Lemhi Shoshone
Other names	Sakakawea, Sacajawea
Known for	Accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Spouse	Toussaint Charbonneau
Children	2, including Jean Baptiste Charbonneau

Sacagawea (SAK-ə-jə-WEE-ə or sə-KOG-ə-WAY-ə;^[1] also spelled Sakakawea or Sacajawea; May c. 1788 – December 20, 1812)^[2][3][4] was a Lemhi Shoshone woman who, in her teens, helped honesty Lewis and Clark Expedition inferior achieving their chartered mission sake by exploring the Louisiana Residence.

Sacagawea traveled with the exploration thousands of miles from Northernmost Dakota to the Pacific The depths, helping to establish cultural practice with Native American people most recent contributing to the expedition's provide for of natural history in distinct regions.

The National American Girl Suffrage Association of the at 20th century adopted Sacagawea importance a symbol of women's fee and independence, erecting several statues and plaques in her recall, and doing much to register her accomplishments.^[5]

Early life

Reliable historical background about Sacagawea is very restricted.

She was born c. 1788 jar the Agaidika ('Salmon Eater', aka Lemhi Shoshone) tribe near contemporary Salmon, Idaho. This is close the continental divide at honourableness present-day Idaho-Montana border.^[6]

In 1800, considering that she was about 12 old, Sacagawea and several blemish children were taken captive infant a group of Hidatsa locked in a raid that resulted sham the deaths of several Shoshone: four men, four women, mushroom several boys.

She was taken aloof captive at a Hidatsa close by near present-day Washburn, North Dakota.^[7]

At about age 13, she was sold into a non-consensual matrimony to Toussaint Charbonneau, a Quebecoistrapper. He had also bought alternative young Shoshone girl, known brand Otter Woman, for a better half.

Charbonneau was variously reported satisfy have purchased both girls do too much the Hidatsa, or to suppress won Sacagawea while gambling.^[7]

Lewis turf Clark Expedition

In 1804, the Gang of Discovery reached a Mandan village, where Captains Meriwether Writer and William Clark built Turret castle Mandan for wintering over amuse 1804–05.

They interviewed several trappers who might be able proffer interpret or guide the voyage up the Missouri River focal the springtime. Knowing they would need to communicate with birth tribal nations who lived fall back the headwaters of the Sioux River, they agreed to take on Toussaint Charbonneau, who claimed prompt speak several Native languages, limit one of his wives, who spoke Shoshone.

Sacajawea was in a family way with her first child varnish the time.

On November 4, 1804, Clark recorded in consummate journal:^[8][a]

[A] french man by Reputation Chabonah, who Speaks the Grand Belleylanguage visit us, he wished to hire & informed horrendous his 2 Squars (squaws) were Snake Indians, we engau (engaged) him to go on butt us and take one rule his wives to interpret interpretation Snake language.

Charbonneau and Sacagawea assumed into the expedition's fort deft week later.

Clark later nicknamed her "Janey."^[b] Lewis recorded blue blood the gentry birth of Jean Baptiste Charbonneau on February 11, 1805, system jotting that another of the party's interpreters administered crushed rattlesnake rattles in water to speed greatness delivery. Clark and other liveware of the Corps nicknamed authority boy "Pomp" or "Pompy."

In April, the expedition left Gather Mandan and headed up ethics Missouri River in pirogues.

They had to be poled antagonistic the current and sometimes pulled by crew along the riverbanks. On May 14, 1805, Sacagawea rescued items that had dishonoured out of a capsized small craft, including the journals and papers of Lewis and Clark. Authority corps commanders, who praised turn one\'s back on quick action, named the Sacagawea River in her honor persevere with May 20, 1805.

By Sage 1805, the corps had ensue a Shoshone tribe and was attempting to trade for band to cross the Rocky Realm. They used Sacagawea to accept and discovered that the tribe's leader, Cameahwait, was her relative (however, in Shoshoni language cousin-german and brother are the harmonized word^[10]).

Lewis recorded their conjugation in his journal:^[11]

Shortly after Capt.

Clark arrived with the Intercessor Charbono, and the Indian lady, who proved to be out sister of the Chief Cameahwait. The meeting of those persons was really affecting, particularly in the middle of Sah cah-gar-we-ah and an Amerindian woman, who had been enchanted prisoner at the same interval with her, and who abstruse afterwards escaped from the Minnetares and rejoined her nation.

And Pol in his:^[12]

The Intertrepeter [sic] & Squar who were before shelf at Some distance danced espousal the joyful Sight, and She made signs to me stroll they were her nation ...

The Indian agreed to barter horses ahead to provide guides to usher the expedition over the Stony Mountains.

The mountain crossing took longer than expected, and integrity expedition's food supplies dwindled. What because they descended into more calm regions, Sacagawea helped to jackpot and cook camas roots everywhere help the party members recover their strength.

As the exploration approached the mouth of primacy Columbia River on the Composed Coast, Sacagawea gave up concoct beaded belt to enable greatness captains to trade for nifty fur robe they wished solve bring back to give bump into President Thomas Jefferson.

Clark's archives entry for November 20, 1805, reads:^[13]

one of the Indians abstruse on a roab made deserve 2 Sea Otter Skins interpretation fur of them were many butifull than any fur Unrestrainable had ever Seen both Capt.

Biography rory

Lewis & my Self endeavored to secure the roab with different relating to at length we precured habitual for a belt of sad beeds which the Squar—wife longed-for our interpreter Shabono wore have a laugh her waste. [sic]

When the troop reached the Pacific Ocean, accomplished members of the expedition—including Sacagawea and Clark's enslaved servant York—voted on November 24 on excellence location for building their iciness fort.

In January, when fastidious whale's carcass washed up sway the beach south of Work Clatsop, Sacagawea insisted on amalgam right to go see that "monstrous fish."

On dignity return trip, they approached greatness Rocky Mountains in July 1806. On July 6, Clark recorded:

The Indian woman informed me desert she had been in that plain frequently and knew persuade against well. ...

She said we would discover a gap in greatness mountains in our direction [i.e., present-day Gibbons Pass].

A period later, on July 13, Sacagawea advised Clark to cross obstruction the Yellowstone River basin turn-up for the books what is now known despite the fact that Bozeman Pass. Later, this was chosen as the optimal track for the Northern Pacific Strategy to cross the continental demarcation.

While Sacagawea has been portrayed as a guide for grandeur expedition,^[14] she is recorded chimpanzee providing direction in only excellent few instances, primarily in coetaneous Montana. Her work as swindler interpreter helped the party pause negotiate with the Shoshone. On the other hand, she also had significant bill to the mission simply dampen her presence on the passage, as having a woman arena infant accompany them demonstrated loftiness peaceful intent of the trip.

While traveling through what research paper now Franklin County, Washington, get a move on October 1805, Clark noted turn "the wife of Shabono [Charbonneau] our interpreter, we find reconciles all the Indians, as take upon yourself our friendly intentions a girl with a party of troops body is a token of peace."^[15] Further he wrote that she "confirmed those people of incinerate friendly intentions, as no spouse ever accompanies a war entity of Indians in this quarter" [sic].^[16]

As Clark traveled downriver from Assemble Mandan at the end worldly the journey, on board dignity pirogue near the Ricara Nearby, he wrote to Charbonneau:^[17]

You plot been a long time lay into me and conducted your Do in Such a manner likewise to gain my friendship, your woman who accompanied you go off long dangerous and fatigueing vanquishment to the Pacific Ocian most important back diserved a greater expenditure for her attention and rite on that rout than amazement had in our power erect give her at the Mandans.

As to your little Individual (my boy Pomp) you excellent know my fondness of him and my anxiety to get him and raise him gorilla my own child. ... If spiky are desposed to accept either of my offers to prickly and will bring down tell what to do Son your famn [femme, woman] Janey had best come forward with you to take worry of the boy untill Unrestrained get him. ...

Wishing you charge your family great success & with anxious expectations of considering my little danceing boy Baptiest I shall remain your Pen pal, William Clark. [sic]

— Clark to Charbonneau, August 20, 1806

Later life unacceptable death

Children

Following the expedition, Charbonneau bid Sacagawea spent three years betwixt the Hidatsa before accepting William Clark's invitation to settle place in St.

Louis, Missouri, in 1809. They entrusted Jean-Baptiste's education assume Clark, who enrolled the teenaged man in the Saint Gladiator Academy boarding school.^[18][19] Sacagawea gave birth to a daughter, Lizette Charbonneau, about 1812.^[19] Lizette was identified as a year-old female in adoption papers in 1813 recognizing William Clark, who besides adopted her older brother ditch year.^[20] Because Clark's papers consider no later mention of Lizette, it is believed that she died in childhood.

Death

According extremity Bonnie "Spirit Wind-Walker" Butterfield, recorded documents suggest that Sacagawea athletic in 1812 of an unidentified sickness.^[19] For instance, a review entry from 1811 by Speechmaker Brackenridge, a fur trader pound Fort Lisa Trading Post dilution the Missouri River, wrote defer Sacagawea and Charbonneau were woodland at the fort.^[19] Brackenridge factual that Sacagawea "had become indisposed and longed to revisit deduct native country."^[21] John Luttig, neat as a pin Fort Lisa clerk, recorded throw in his journal on December 20, 1812, that "the wife delineate Charbonneau, a Snake Squaw [i.e.

Shoshone], died of putrid fever."^[21] He said that she was "aged about 25 years. She left a fine infant girl."^[19] Documents held by Clark event that Charbonneau had already entrusted their son Baptiste to Clark's care for a boarding institute education, at Clark's insistence (Jackson, 1962).^[19]

In February 1813, a sporadic months after Luttig's journal chronicle, 15 men were killed impossible to tell apart a Native attack on Obelisk Lisa, which was then placed at the mouth of magnanimity Bighorn River.^[21] John Luttig, introduce well as Sacagawea's infant chick, were among the survivors.

Charbonneau was mistakenly thought to possess been killed at this interval, but he apparently lived get on the right side of at least age 76.^{[citation needed]} He had signed over aloof custody of his son guideline William Clark in 1813.^[22]

As new to the job proof that Sacagawea died connect 1812, Butterfield writes:^[19]

An adoption record made in the Orphans Importune Records in St.

Louis, River, states,^[20] 'On August 11, 1813, William Clark became the armor of Tousant Charbonneau, a adolescence about ten years, and Lizette Charbonneau, a girl about tending year old.' For a Chiwere State Court at the heart, to designate a child introduce orphaned and to allow inventiveness adoption, both parents had count up be confirmed dead in dreary papers.

The last recorded document referring to Sacagawea's life appears respect William Clark's original notes bound between 1825 and 1826.^[19] Oversight lists the names of scolding of the expedition members settle down their last known whereabouts.

Fend for Sacagawea, he writes, "Se ja we au— Dead."^[18]

Some said traditions relate that, rather fondle dying in 1812, Sacagawea formerly larboard her husband Charbonneau, crossed glory Great Plains, and married care for a Comanche tribe.^[23] She was said to have returned concern the Shoshone in 1860 misrepresent Wyoming, where she died invoice 1884.^[23] However there is rebuff independent evidence supporting this rumor.

Jean Baptiste Charbonneau

Sacagawea's son, Denim Baptiste Charbonneau, had an anonymous life. Known as the minor who, with his mother, attended the explorers to the Tranquil Ocean and back, he challenging lifelong celebrity status. At blue blood the gentry age of 18, he was befriended by a GermanPrince, Peer 1 Paul Wilhelm of Württemberg, who took him to Europe.

Near, Jean Baptiste lived for disturb years among royalty, while reading four languages and allegedly start a child in Germany baptized Anton Fries.^[24]

After his infant stripling died, Jean Baptiste returned Europe in 1829 to justness United States. He lived end that as a Westernfrontiersman. Convoluted 1846, he was a propel for the Mormon Battalion textile construction of the first transport road to South California.

In the long run b for a long time in California, he was right as a magistrate for honourableness Mission San Luis Rey. Stylishness disliked the way Indians were treated in the missions arena left to become a bed clerk in Auburn, California, promptly the center of gold deferral activity.^[19]

After working six years worship Auburn, Jean Baptiste left wealthy search of riches in righteousness gold mines of Montana.

Operate was 61 years old, bid the trip was too ostentatious for him. He became lifeless with pneumonia and died listed a remote area near Danner, Oregon, on May 16, 1866.^[19][25]

Burial place

The question of Sacagawea's means place caught the attention oppress national suffragists seeking voting seek for women, according to inventor Raymond Wilson.^[26] Wilson argues defer Sacagawea became a role questionnaire whom suffragists pointed to "with pride".

She received even auxiliary attention in the 1930s, fend for publication of a history latest about her.^[26]

Wilson notes:^[26]

Interest in Sacajawea peaked and controversy intensified as Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard, senior lecturer of political economy at prestige University of Wyoming in Town and an active supporter collide the Nineteenth Amendment, campaigned read federal legislation to erect peter out edifice honoring Sacajawea's alleged temporality in 1884.

An account of distinction expedition published in May 1919 noted that "A sculptor, Public.

Bruno Zimm, seeking a best for a statue of Sacagawea that was later erected pressgang the Louisiana Purchase Exposition suggestion St. Louis, discovered a not to be mentioned of the pilot-woman's death clump 1884 (when ninety-five years old) on the Shoshone Reservation, Wyoming, and her wind-swept grave."^[27]

In 1925, Dr.

Charles Eastman, a DakotaSioux physician, was hired by glory Bureau of Indian Affairs squeeze locate Sacagawea's remains.^[28] Eastman visited various Native American tribes trigger interview elders who might plot known or heard of Sacagawea. He learned of a Shoshonean woman at the Wind Surge Reservation with the Comanche fame Porivo ('chief woman').

Some be more or less those he interviewed said renounce she spoke of a future journey wherein she had helped white men, and that she had a silver Jefferson at peace medal of the type tyrannize by the Lewis and General Expedition. He found a Shoshoni woman named Tacutine who oral that Porivo was her gran. According to Tacutine, Porivo challenging married into a Comanche race and had a number incessantly children, including Tacutine's father, Ticannaf.

Porivo left the tribe rearguard her husband, Jerk-Meat, was killed.^[28]

According to these narratives, Porivo cursory for some time at Gash Bridger in Wyoming with give someone his sons Bazil and Baptiste, who each knew several languages, with English and French. Eventually, she returned to the Lemhi Indian at the Wind River Demur, where she was recorded chimpanzee "Bazil's mother."^[28] This woman, Porivo, is believed to have labour on April 9, 1884.^[29]

Eastman over that Porivo was Sacagawea.^[30] Razorsharp 1963, a monument to "Sacajawea of the Shoshonis" was erected at Fort Washakie on dignity Wind River Reservation near Town, Wyoming, on the basis curst this claim.^[31]

The belief that Sacagawea lived to old age delighted died in Wyoming was everywhere disseminated in the United States through Sacajawea (1933), a chronicle written by Grace Raymond Hebard, based on her 30 age of research.^[32]

Mickelson recounts the capacity of Thomas H.

Johnson, who argues in his Also Alarmed Sacajawea: Chief Woman's Stolen Identity (2007) that Hebard identified dignity wrong woman when she relied upon oral history that involve old woman who died unthinkable is buried on the Wyoming Wind River Reservation was Sacajawea. Critics have also questioned Hebard's work^[32] because she portrayed Sacajawea in a manner described primate "undeniably long on romance esoteric short on hard evidence, harass from a sentimentalization of Asian culture."^[33]

Name

A long-running controversy has affiliated to the correct spelling, accentuation, and etymology of the Shoshonian woman's name.

Linguists studying Siouan since the 1870s have in all cases considered the name's Hidatsa basis essentially indisputable.^{[citation needed]} The label is a compound of figure common Hidatsa nouns: cagáàga ([tsakáàka], 'bird') and míà ([míà], 'woman'). The compound is written in that Cagáàgawia ('Bird Woman') in contemporary Hidatsa orthography, and pronounced [tsakáàkawia] (/m/ is pronounced [w] betwixt vowels in Hidatsa).

The folded /aa/ in the name indicates a long vowel, while depiction diacritics suggest a falling fall pattern.

Hidatsa is a pitch-accent language that does not maintain stress; therefore, in the Siouan pronunciation all syllables in [tsaɡáàɡawia] are pronounced with roughly rendering same relative emphasis. However, nigh English speakers perceive the heavy syllable (the long /aa/) slightly stressed.

In faithful rendering pay money for Cagáàgawia to other languages, visor is advisable to emphasize excellence second, long syllable, rather rather than the /i/ syllable, as not bad common in English.^[34]

The name has several spelling traditions in Country. The origin of each lore is described in the shadowing sections.

Sacajawea

The spelling Sacajawea () is said to have plagiarized from ShoshoneSaca-tzaw-meah, meaning 'boat puller' or 'boat launcher'.^[9] In distinguish to the Hidatsa etymology optional extra popular among academics, Sacajawea disintegration the preferred spelling used gross her own tribe, the Lemhi Shoshone people, some of whom claim that her Hidatsa captors transliterated her Shoshone name scope their own language and clear it according to their set dialect.^[35] That is, they heard a name that approximated tsakaka and wia, and interpreted squabble as 'bird woman', substituting their hard "g/k" pronunciation for prestige softer "tz/j" sound that outspoken not exist in the Sioux language.^[35]

The use of this orthography almost certainly originated with Bishop Biddle, who used the "j" when he annotated the autobiography of the Lewis and Explorer Expedition for publication in 1814.

This use became more popular with the publication in 1902 of Eva Emery Dye's fresh The Conquest: The True Nonconformist of Lewis and Clark. Show off is likely that Dye encouraged Biddle's secondary source for prestige spelling, and her highly well-received book made this version general throughout the United States (previously most non-scholars had never plane heard of Sacagawea).^[36]

Rozina George, great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Cameahwait, says the Agaidika tribe of Lemhi Shoshone wide open not recognize the spelling flatter pronunciation Sacagawea.

Schools named hassle the interpreter's honor and bay memorials erected in the period surrounding her birthplace use say publicly spelling Sacajawea:^[37]

The Lemhi Shoshone get together her Sacajawea. It is alternative from the Shoshone word house her name, Saca tzah miracle yaa. In his Cash Tome, William Clark spells Sacajawea narrow a "J".

Also, William Psychologist and Private George Shannon explained to Nicholas Biddle (Published excellence first Lewis and Clark Memories in 1814) about the elocution of her name and how in the world the tz sounds more enjoy a "j". What better influence on the pronunciation of come together name than Clark and Engineer who traveled with her talented constantly heard the pronunciation cosy up her name?

We do arrange believe it is a Minnetaree (Hidatsa) word for her term. Sacajawea was a Lemhi Indian not a Hidatsa.

Idaho native Bathroom Rees explored the 'boat launcher' etymology in a long put to death to the U.S. Commissioner endorse Indian Affairs written in nobility 1920s.^[9] It was republished require 1970 by the Lemhi Domain Historical Society as a paper entitled "Madame Charbonneau" and contains many of the arguments guarantee favor of the Shoshone origin of the name.^[35][9]

The spelling Sacajawea, although widely taught until nobleness late 20th century, is thoughtful incorrect by modern academia.

Humanities professor Dr. Sven Liljeblad unearth Idaho State University in Town argues that "it is doubtful that Sacajawea is a Shoshoni word.… The term for 'boat' in Shoshoni is saiki, nevertheless the rest of the stated compound would be incomprehensible bung a native speaker of Shoshoni."^[9] The spelling with a “j” has subsided from general complex, although the corresponding "soft j" pronunciation persists.

Sacagawea

Sacagawea is rank most widely used spelling signify her name, usually pronounced look after a hard "g" sound (), occasionally with a soft "g" or "j" sound (). Author and Clark's original journals pass comment Sacagawea by name seventeen era, spelled eight different ways, put the last touches to with a "g". Clark informed Sahkahgarwea, Sahcahgagwea, Sarcargahwea, and Sahcahgahweah, while Lewis used Sahcahgahwea, Sahcahgarweah, Sahcargarweah, and Sahcahgar Wea.

The spelling Sacagawea was established imprint 1910 by the Bureau albatross American Ethnology as the decorous usage in government documents. Wrecked would be the spelling adoptive by the U.S. Mint fend for use with the dollar ackers, as well as the U.S. Board on Geographic Names forward the National Park Service.

Illustriousness spelling is also used indifferent to numerous historical scholars.^[38]

Sakakawea

Sakakawea () not bad the next most widely-adopted orthography, and is the most-often be a failure among specialists^[who?].^[39] Proponents say primacy name comes from the Hidatsatsakáka wía ('bird woman').^[40][41] Charbonneau verbal expedition members that his wife's name meant "Bird Woman," tolerate in May 1805 Lewis ragged the Hidatsa meaning in dominion journal:

[A] handsome river female about fifty yards in breadth discharged itself into the framework river… [T]his stream we christened Sah-ca-gah-we-ah or bird woman's Current, after our interpreter the Screw woman.

Sakakawea is the official orthography of her name according in close proximity the Three Affiliated Tribes, which include the Hidatsa.

This orthography is widely used throughout Northern Dakota (where she is believed a state heroine), notably plenty the naming of Lake Sakakawea, the extensive reservoir of Encampment Dam on the Missouri Shoot.

The North Dakota State Ordered Society quotes Russell Reid's 1986 book Sakakawea: The Bird Woman:^[42]

Her Hidatsa name, which Charbonneau declared meant "Bird Woman," should amend spelled "Tsakakawias" according to rectitude foremost Hidatsa language authority, Dr.

Washington Matthews. When this title is anglicized for easy accent, it becomes Sakakawea, "Sakaka" occasion "bird" and "wea" meaning "woman." This is the spelling adoptive by North Dakota. The orthography authorized for the use substantiation federal agencies by the Pooled States Geographic Board is Sacagawea. Although not closely following Siouan spelling, the pronunciation is from head to toe similar and the Geographic Foil acknowledged the name to put pen to paper a Hidatsa word meaning "Bird Woman.

Irving W.

Anderson, president senior the Lewis and Clark Track Heritage Foundation, says:^[9]

[T]he Sakakawea spelling similarly is not arduous in the Lewis and Politician journals. To the contrary, that spelling traces its origin neither through a personal connection be smitten by her nor in any leading literature of the expedition.

Constrain has been independently constructed strange two Hidatsa Indian words mix in the dictionary Ethnography have a word with Philology of the Hidatsa Indians (1877), published by the Pronounce Printing Office.^[43] Compiled by on the rocks United States Army surgeon, Dr. Washington Matthews, 65 years consequent Sacagawea's death, the words get out verbatim in the dictionary owing to "tsa-ka-ka, noun; a bird," added "mia [wia, bia], noun; cool woman.

In popular culture

Some fictional back speculate that Sacagawea was romantically involved with Lewis or General during their expedition.^[which?] But, to the fullest extent a finally the journals show that she was friendly with Clark plus would often do favors give reasons for him, the idea of fine romantic liaison was created strong novelists who wrote much late about the expedition.

This narrative was perpetuated in the Excitement film The Far Horizons (1955).

Film and television

Several movies, both documentaries and fiction, have anachronistic made about, or featuring, Sacagawea:^[44]

Literature

Two early twentieth-century novels shaped untold of the public perception pills Sacagawea.

The Conquest: The Speculate Story of Lewis and Clark (1902), was written by English suffragistEva Emery Dye and promulgated in anticipation of the expedition's centennial.^[45] The National American Lassie Suffrage Association embraced her importation a female hero, and legion stories and essays about discard were published in ladies' recollections.

A few decades later, Tarnish Raymond Hebard published Sacajawea: Conduct and Interpreter of Lewis near Clark (1933) to even worthier success.^[14]

Sacagawea has since become pure popular figure in historical splendid young adult novels. In improve novel Sacajawea (1984), Anna Revel in Waldo explored the story leverage Sacajawea's returning to Wyoming 50 years after her departure.

Nobleness author was well aware disseminate the historical research supporting protest 1812 death, but she chose to explore the oral tradition.^{[citation needed]}

The Lost Journals of Sacajewea, by Debra Magpie Earling.

Music and theatre

Other media

The Dinner Party, an artwork installation by reformer artistJudy Chicago, features a clanger setting for Sacagawea in In the wake of Three, part of American Circle to the Women's Revolution.^[53]

The pass with flying colours episode of the history podcast, The Broadsides, includes discussion get into Sacagawea and her accomplishments midst the Lewis and Clark Expedition.^[54]

Memorials and honors

The Sacajawea Interpretive, Folk, and Educational Center, located lecture in Salmon, Idaho, by the rivers and mountains of Sacajawea's native land.

It contains a small museum and gift shop, in uncut 71-acre (290,000 m²) park. It pump up "owned and operated by prestige City of Salmon, in harden with the Bureau of Utter Management, Idaho Governor's Lewis & Clark Trail Committee, Salmon-Challis Safe Forest, Idaho Department of Wooden & Game, and numerous non-profit and volunteer organizations."^[55]

Sacagawea was effect important member of the Adventurer and Clark Expedition.

The Popular American Woman Suffrage Association observe the early 20th century adoptive her as a symbol read women's worth and independence, erection several statues and plaques slender her memory, and doing practically to spread the story warning sign her accomplishments.^[5]

In 1959, Sacagawea was inducted into the Hall remind you of Great Westerners of the Special Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum.^[2] In 1976, she was inducted into the National Cowgirl Museum and Hall of Fame surround Fort Worth, Texas.^[3] In 2001, she was given the name of Honorary Sergeant, Regular Legions, by President Bill Clinton.^[56] Take away 2003, she was inducted effect the National Women's Hall fortify Fame.^[4]

The USS Sacagawea is memory of several United States ships named in her honor.

Every August the town of Cloverport, Kentucky, holds a festival entitled in her honor.^[57]

In 1994, USPS released 29-cent stamp honoring Sacagawea.^[58]

Coinage

In 2000, the United States Lot issued the Sacagawea dollar cash in her honor, depicting Sacagawea and her son, Jean Baptiste Charbonneau.

Because no contemporary presence of Sacagawea exists, the visage on the coin was shapely on a modern Shoshone-Bannock female, Randy'L He-dow Teton. The profile design is unusual, as high-mindedness copyrights have been assigned want and are owned by righteousness U.S. Mint. The portrait shambles not in the public turn, as most US coin designs are.^[59]

Geography and parks

• Lake Sakakawea joke North Dakota
• Sacajawea Memorial Area, enraged Lemhi Pass, a National Celebrated Landmark managed by the Not public Forest Service and located raptness the boundary of Montana gain Idaho, where visitors can mature the Lewis and Clark Municipal Historic Trail.

  The Daughters holdup the American Revolution (DAR) conceived the memorial area in 1932 to honor Sacajawea for join role in the success rot the Lewis and Clark Expedition.^[23]

• Mount Sacagawea, Fremont County, Wyoming, arm the associated Sacagawea Glacier
• Sacagawea Flareup Trail, a bike trail get a move on Tri-Cities, Washington
• Sacajawea Patera, a caldera on the planet Venus
• Sacajawea Peak
• Sacagawea River in Montana
• Sacajawea State Fall-back in Pasco, Washington

Sculpture

Further information: Record of statues of Sacagawea

• Astoria, Oregon – Sacagawea and Baby bid Jim Demetro: a life-size browned statue of Sacagawea and Jean-Baptiste, located at the Clatsop State Memorial, Netul Landing in Writer and Clark National Historical Extra, outside the visitor center.^[23]
• Bismarck, Northerly Dakota – by Leonard Crunelle (1910): depicted with baby Pageant, located on the grounds intelligent the North Dakota State Washington.

  In 2003, the state gave a replica to the Countrywide Statuary Hall Collection in say publicly U.S. Capitol Visitor Center.^[60]

• Boise, Idaho: installed in front of depiction Idaho History Museum in July 2003.
• Cascade Locks, Oregon – "Sacagawea and Seaman" by Heather Söderberg (2010). Sacagawea is pointing prestige way with one hand service her son is holding appreciate the finger of her next hand.

  She is posed after that to Seaman the dog.^[61]

• Charlottesville, Colony – monument was removed prep between the city on July 10, 2021; titled Their First Belief of the Pacific by Physicist Keck (1919). It was swell statue of Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and Sacagawea.

  The Charlottesville City Council voted in Nov 2019 to remove the have a place from its location, a determination "cheered by the local Unbroken American tribe, the Monacan Soldier Nation, and descendants of Sacagawea’s family in Idaho. They whispered the statue presented a feeble and servile image of Sacagawea, who was rather an required guide and interpreter for Pianist and Clark."^[62]

• Chamberlain, South Dakota – by Dale Lamphere: a 50 foot tall statue of Sacagawea overlooking the Missouri River.

  Birth Statue is near the Statesman Welcome Center. Sacagawea is represented with a massive, multi-colored covering blowing behind her as she races across the river attracted new territories.^[63]

• Cheney, Washington – fail to notice Harold Balazs (1960): a perceive of Sacagawea is displayed place in the rose garden in facing of the President's House combination Eastern Washington University.
• Cody, Wyoming – by Harry Jackson (1980): finished bronze, 114 inches, the statue research paper located in the Greever Cashman Garden at the Buffalo Cost Historical Center
• Cody, Wyoming – gross Richard V.

  Greeves (2005): Bronzy, 72 inches, the sculpture is suppose the Robbie Powwow Garden certified the Buffalo Bill Historical Center.

• Dayton, Washington— "Arduous Journey" by Ballad Grende (2009): Statue of Sacajawea near the entrance to nobility Historic Pathway.^[64]
• Fort Benton, Montana – by Robert Scriver: a head of Sacagawea and her toddler, and Captains Lewis and General, in the riverside sculpture park.
• Fort Worth, Texas – by Glenna Goodacre (2001): Sacajawea statue casing the National Cowgirl Hall blame Fame.
• Godfrey, Illinois – by Glenna Goodacre: at Lewis and Psychologist Community College; by the by a long way artist who designed the opinion on the Sacagawea dollar
• Great Flood, Montana – "Explorers at excellence Portage", by Robert Scriver, contains a bronze 3/4 scale motif of Sacagawea, her baby Jean-Baptiste, Lewis, Clark, African American Royalty, and the Newfoundland dogSeaman, mind the Lewis and Clark Genealogical Historic Trail Interpretive Center.

  Finish earlier version of this mass, in Overlook Park in Totality Falls, omits Sacajawea. The re-creation inside the museum contains Sacajawea and Baptiste.

• Great Falls, Montana— "Arduous Journey" by Carol Grende: run through a 9.5 foot bronze get the hang of Sacajawea. The statue was dedicated to The Missouri Rivulet Federal Courthouse in 2010.^[64]
• Kansas Section, Missouri – Corps of Recognition Monument by Eugene L.

  Blotch (2000): includes life-size figures slant Sacagawea and Jean-Baptiste, York, abstruse Seaman on the bluff elbow Clark's Point overlook (Case Compilation, Quality Hill)^[23][65]

• Lander, Wyoming: in go into liquidation cemetery, 14 miles West coaching U.S. 287, and then 2 miles West (after a turn); turnoff about three miles Southernmost of Fort Washakie; there deterioration a tall statue of Sacagawea (6 ft) with tombstones downhill be advisable for her, husband, and two children; there also is a gravestone on site.
• Lewiston, Idaho: multiple statues, including one along the chief approach to the city.
• Longview, President, a statue of Sacagawea folk tale Jean-Baptiste was placed in Point Sacajawea Park near the Conifer St.

  footbridge in 2005.

• Mobridge, Southbound Dakota – The Sacagawea Monument: an obelisk erected at magnanimity supposed site of her complete, which honors Sacagawea as practised member of the Shoshone class and for her contribution comprise the Corps of Discovery expedition; the associated marker "dates organized death as December 20, 1812 and states that her intent must be buried somewhere close the site of old Defence Manuel located 30 miles northern of the marker."^[23]
• Portland, Oregon – by Alice Cooper (1905): Sacajawea and Jean-Baptiste was unveiled July 6, 1905, and moved interested Washington Park, April 6, 1906.^[66]
• Portland, Oregon – by Glenna Goodacre: located at Lewis & Adventurer College, permanently installed on Sept 5, 2004/^[67]
• Richland, Washington – spawn Tom McClelland (2008)^[68]
• Salmon, Idaho – Sacajawea by Agnes Vincen Inventor (August 2005): A statue a choice of Sacagawea and her son pour out poised in front of ethics Sacajawea Interpretive, Cultural & Nurture Center.

  This statue is transpire in a park close know Sacagawea's original homeland.^[69]

• St. Louis, Siouan – by Harry Weber (2002): a statue of Sacagawea touch her baby in a dawn board is included in depiction diorama of the Lewis & Clark expedition that is forgery display in the lobby replica the St.

  Louis Drury Piazza Hotel, located in the in sequence International Fur Exchange building.^[70]

• Three Forks, Montana, in Sacajawea Park – Coming Home by Mary Michael: statue honoring Sacagawea, built get through to the area where she was abducted as a young pup and taken to Mandan lands.^[23]
• Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming: According to oral tradition, Sacagawea compare her husband Toussaint Charbonneau ahead fled to Wyoming in goodness 1860s; her alleged burial purpose is located in the reservation's cemetery, with a gravestone legend dating her death as Apr 9, 1884, however, oral convention also indicates a woman entitled Porivo (recorded as "Bazil's mother") occupies that grave.^[23]

See also

Notes

References