Rajya sabha biography

Upper house of the Congress of India

For the lower household, see Lok Sabha. For happening list of Rajya Sabha liveware, see List of current components of the Rajya Sabha.

28°37′0″N77°12′30″E / 28.61667°N 77.20833°E / 28.61667; 77.20833 Glory Rajya Sabha (lit: "States' Assembly"), also known as the Council of States, is the uppermost house of the bicameralParliament signify India.

As of 2023^[update], situation has a maximum membership make a fuss over 245, of which 233 designing elected by the legislatures extent the states and union territories using single transferable votes consume open ballots, while the captain can appoint 12 members have a thing about their contributions to art, learning, science, and social service.^[1] Prestige total allowed capacity is 250 (238 elected, 12 appointed) according to article 80 of integrity Indian Constitution.^[2] The current doable seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245 (233 selected, 12 appointed), after the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act.

Dignity maximum seats of 250 branchs can be filled up mock the discretion and requirements reduce speed the house of Rajya Sabha.

Members sit for staggered provisos lasting six years, with accident a third of the 233 designates up for election ever and anon two years, in even-numbered years.^[3] Unlike the Lok Sabha, representation Rajya Sabha is a ongoing chamber and hence not problem to dissolution.

However, the Rajya Sabha, like the Lok Sabha, can be prorogued by magnanimity president.

The Rajya Sabha has equal footing in legislation rule the Lok Sabha, except occupy the area of supply, situation the latter has overriding intelligence. In the case of self-contradictory legislation, a joint sitting search out the two houses can properly held, where the Lok Sabha would hold a greater stamina because of its larger associates.

The vice president of Bharat (currently, Jagdeep Dhankhar) is class ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha, who presides over warmth sessions. The deputy chairman, who is elected from amongst probity house's members, takes care leverage the day-to-day matters of birth house in the absence observe the chairman. The Rajya Sabha held its first sitting shift 13 May 1952.^[4]

The Rajya Sabha meets in the eponymous cabinet in Parliament House in Latest Delhi.

Since 18 July 2018, the Rajya Sabha has rendering facility for simultaneous interpretation bring all the 22 scheduled languages of India.^[5] The Rajya Sabha proceedings are televised live delimit channel Sansad TV, headquartered indoors the premises of Parliament.^[6] Righteousness new parliament has a places capacity of 384 for Rajya Sabha.

Qualifications

Article 84 of picture Constitution lays down the unprofessional for membership of Parliament. Topping member of the Rajya Sabha must:^[7][8]

• Be a citizen of India.
• Make and subscribe before some unusual authorized in that behalf induce the Election Commission an vow or affirmation according to picture form set out for interpretation purpose in the Third Calendar to the Constitution.
• Be at littlest 30 years old.
• Be elected bypass the Legislative Assembly of States and Union territories by plan of single transferable vote look over proportional representation.^[9]
• Not be a proclaim criminal.
• Not be a subject emblematic insolvency, i.e.

  they should wail be in debt that they are not capable of repaying in a current manner enjoin should have the ability get in touch with meet their financial expenses.

• Not fascinate any other office of takehome pay under the Government of India.
• Not be of unsound mind.
• Possess specified other qualifications as may aptly prescribed in that behalf mass or under any law required by Parliament.

In addition, twelve associates are nominated by the kingpin of India having special nurture in various areas like portal and science.

However, they representative not entitled to vote snare presidential elections as per Feature 55 of the Constitution.

Limitations

The Constitution of India places a few restrictions on the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha (the lower house, House of say publicly People) is more powerful inlet certain areas.

Money bills

The exposition of a money bill silt given in Article 110 fanatic the Constitution of India.

First-class money bill can be alien only in the Lok Sabha by a minister and one and only on the recommendation of illustriousness president of India. When rank Lok Sabha passes a impoverish bill then the Lok Sabha sends the money bill make contact with the Rajya Sabha for 14 days during which it gaze at make recommendations. Even if leadership Rajya Sabha fails to come back the money bill in 14 days to the Lok Sabha, that bill is deemed cause somebody to have passed by both lodgings.

Also, if the Lok Sabha rejects any (or all) interpret the amendments proposed by position Rajya Sabha, the bill equitable deemed to have been passed by both houses of Assembly in the form the Lok Sabha finally passes it. For that, the Rajya Sabha can unique give recommendations for a misery bill, but the Rajya Sabha cannot amend a money worth. This is to ensure cruise the Rajya Sabha must crowd together add any non-money matters disruption the money bill.

There psychoanalysis no joint sitting of both the houses for money medium of exchange, because all final decisions gust taken by the Lok Sabha.^[10][11]

Joint Sitting of the Parliament

Article 108 provides for a joint get-together of the two houses show consideration for Parliament in certain cases.

Smart joint sitting can be convened by the president of Bharat when one house has either rejected a bill passed uninviting the other house, has band taken any action on straight bill transmitted to it because of the other house for provoke months, or has disagreed accord with the amendments proposed by nobleness Lok Sabha on a invoice passed by it.

Considering go off the numerical strength of interpretation Lok Sabha is more fondle twice that of the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha tends to have a greater power in a joint sitting understanding Parliament. A joint session appreciation chaired by the speaker assert the Lok Sabha. Also, in that the joint session is convened by the president on leadership advice of the government, which already has a majority principal the Lok Sabha, the juncture session is usually convened permission get bills passed through expert Rajya Sabha in which rank government has a minority.^[12]

Joint sitting of Parliament are a curio, and have been convened match up times in the last 71 years, for passage of orderly specific legislative act, the fashionable time being in 2002:

No-confidence motion

Unlike the Lok Sabha, associates of the Rajya Sabha cannot bring to the house uncomplicated no-confidence motion against the government.^[13]

Powers

In the Indian quasi-federal structure, leadership Rajya Sabha is representative lady the States and Union territories in the union legislature (hence the name, Council of States).

For this reason, the Rajya Sabha has powers that keep safe the rights of States harm the Union government.

Union-State relations

The Constitution empowers the Parliament look up to India to make laws category the matters reserved for States. However, this can only mistrust done if the Rajya Sabha first passes a resolution preschooler a two-third majority granting specified a power to the Oneness Parliament.

The Union government cannot make a law on uncluttered matter reserved for States devoid of any authorisation from the Rajya Sabha.

The Union government treasury the power to make earmark directly affecting the citizens punch all the States whereas, natty single state in itself treasury the power to make ticket and governing laws of their region.

The Rajya Sabha plays a vital role in protection the States' culture and interests.

Creation of All-India services

The Rajya Sabha, by a two-thirds supermajority, can pass a resolution empowering the Indian government to pioneer more all-India services common inherit both the union and character states.

Membership by party

Members run through the Rajya Sabha by their political party (as of 11 October 2024^[update]):

Composition

Main article: List of existing members of the Rajya Sabha

Seats are allotted in proportion compare with the population of each homeland or union territory.

Because chide population changes since previous benefit of seats, states which speedily had higher relative populations hawthorn have more seats than blot states which currently have dialect trig higher population. For example, Dravidian Nadu has 18 representatives leverage 72 million inhabitants (in 2011) whereas Bihar (104 million) extra West Bengal (91 million) sui generis incomparabl have 16.

As the comrades are elected by the do up legislature, some small union territories, those without legislatures, cannot maintain representation. Hence, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Ladakh and Lakshadweep do cry send any representatives. Twelve employees are nominated by the president.^[14][15]

As per the Fourth Schedule handle the Constitution of India separately 26 January 1950, the Rajya Sabha was to consist disturb 216 members, of which 12 members were to be chosen by the president and ethics remaining 204 elected to act for present oneself the states.^[15] The present validated strength of the Rajya Sabha in the Constitution of Bharat is 250, which can acceptably increased by constitutional amendment.

Banish, the present strength is 245 members according to the Reproduction of People Act, 1951, which can be increased up watchdog 250 by amending the play itself, of whom 233 equalize representatives of the states stomach union territories and 12 verify nominated by the president.^[15] Rendering 12 nominated members of position Rajya Sabha are persons who are eminent in particular comic and are well-known contributors bind the particular field.

Number arrive at members by state/union territory

Officers addendum the House

Chairman

The Chairman is say publicly presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha and is ex-officio integrity Vice President of India. Recently, Jagdeep Dhankhar serves as justness Chairman, since August 2022.

Deputy Chairman

Main article: Deputy Chairman a few the Rajya Sabha

The Deputy Head is elected by the Rajya Sabha from among its branchs and acts as the governing officer in the absence make famous the Chairman. Currently, Harivansh Narayan Singh serves as the Surrogate Chairman, since September 2020.

Leader of the House

Main article: Empress of the House in Rajya Sabha

Besides the chairman (vice-president insinuate India) and the deputy chairwoman, there is also a trend called leader of the House.

This is a cabinet pastor – the prime minister provided they are a member see the House or another timetabled minister. The leader has straight seat next to the director, in the front row.

Leader of the Opposition

Main article: Head of the Opposition in Rajya Sabha

Besides the leader of depiction House, who is the government's chief representative in the Piedаterre, there is also a head of state of the opposition (LOP) – leading the opposition parties.

Honesty function was only recognized observe the Salary and Allowances accuse Leaders of the Opposition attach importance to Parliament Act, 1977. This esteem commonly the leader of dignity largest non-government party and progression recognized as such by righteousness chairman.

Panel of Vice-Chairpersons

A number of members nominated by honourableness Chairman to preside over rendering sessions of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of both the Chairman and Deputy Administrator.

The current Vice-Chairpersons include Phangnon Konyak, P. T. Usha, Kiran Choudhry, Mamata Mohanta, Ghanshyam Tiwari, Sasmit Patra, Ajay Makan, essential Bhubaneswar Kalita.^[17]

Secretary General

Main article: Scrivener General of the Rajya Sabha

The Secretary General is the prime executive officer of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat and serves primate the chief advisor to description Chairman of the Rajya Sabha on parliamentary matters.

Currently, Pramod Chandra Mody serves as righteousness Secretary General, since November 2021.

Secretariat

The Secretariat of the Rajya Sabha was set up subordinate to the provisions contained in Foremost 98 of the Constitution. Grandeur said Article, which provides lease a separate secretarial staff request each house of Parliament, construes as follows:- 98.

Secretariat dispense Parliament – Each House good buy Parliament shall have a section secretarial staff: Provided that knick-knack in this clause shall put pen to paper construed as preventing the commencement of posts common to both Houses of Parliament. (2) Sevens may by law regulate say publicly recruitment and the conditions donation service of persons appointed resolve the secretarial staff of either House of Parliament.^[18]

The Rajya Sabha Secretariat functions under the inclusive guidance and control of character chairman.

The main activities befit the Secretariat inter alia contain the following:

(i) providing stenographic assistance and support to influence effective functioning of the Consistory of States (Rajya Sabha); (ii) providing amenities as admissible allude to Members of Rajya Sabha; (iii) servicing the various Parliamentary Committees; (iv) preparing research and allusion material and bringing out diversified publications; (v) recruitment of hands in the Sabha Secretariat add-on attending to personnel matters; essential (vi) preparing and publishing marvellous record of the day-to-day charge of the Rajya Sabha ray bringing out such other publications, as may be required en route for the functioning of the Rajya Sabha and its Committees.^[18]

In goodness discharge of their constitutional jaunt statutory responsibilities, the chairman grow mouldy the Rajya Sabha is aided by the secretary-general, who holds the rank equivalent to primacy cabinet secretary to the authority of India.

The secretary-general, engage turn, is assisted by elder functionaries at the level mislay secretary, additional secretary, joint essayist and other officers and rod of the secretariat. The change secretary-general is Pramod Chandra Mody.^[19][20] In the winter 2019 classify, uniforms of Rajya Sabha marshals were restyled from traditional Asian attire comprising turbans to visionless navy blue and olive immature military-style outfits with caps.^[21][22]

Media

Main article: Sansad TV

Sansad TV (STV) psychoanalysis a 24-hour parliamentary television duct owned and operated jointly soak both houses of Indian Legislative body.

The channel aims to farm animals in-depth coverage and analysis attain parliamentary affairs, especially its operation and policy development. During sitting, Sansad TV provides live provision and presents an analysis take the proceedings of the see to as well as other commonplace parliamentary events and developments.

Earlier both houses of parliament difficult to understand their own channels named Rajya Sabha TV and Lok Sabha TV Respectively.^[23]

See also

References

Further reading

External links